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Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is an important metabolite which functions in plant growth, development, and stress responses. However, its role in plant defense and how it is regulated are largely unknown. Here, we report a detailed analysis of GABA induction during the resistance response to Pseudomonas syringae in Arabidopsis thaliana. While searching for the mechanism underlying the pathogen-responsive mitogen-activated protein kinase (MPK)3/MPK6 signaling cascade in plant immunity, we found that activation of MPK3/MPK6 greatly induced GABA biosynthesis, which is dependent on the glutamate decarboxylase genes GAD1 and GAD4. Inoculation with Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato DC3000 (Pst) and Pst-avrRpt2 expressing the avrRpt2 effector gene induced GAD1 and GAD4 gene expression and increased the levels of GABA. Genetic evidence revealed that GAD1, GAD2, and GAD4 play important roles in both GABA biosynthesis and plant resistance in response to Pst-avrRpt2 infection. The gad1/2/4 triple and gad1/2/4/5 quadruple mutants, in which the GABA levels were extremely low, were more susceptible to both Pst and Pst-avrRpt2. Functional loss of MPK3/MPK6, or their upstream MKK4/MKK5, or their downstream substrate WRKY33 suppressed the induction of GAD1 and GAD4 expression after Pst-avrRpt2 treatment. Our findings shed light on both the regulation and role of GABA in the plant immunity to a bacterial pathogen.
Pubmed ID: 32458527
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Statistical analysis software that combines scientific graphing, comprehensive curve fitting (nonlinear regression), understandable statistics, and data organization. Designed for biological research applications in pharmacology, physiology, and other biological fields for data analysis, hypothesis testing, and modeling.
View all literature mentionsGAMMA suite is an open-source cross-platform data mining software package designed to analyze neuroimaging data. A neuroimaging study often focuses on biomarker detection and classification. We designed and implemented a Bayesian, multivariate, nonparametric suite of algorithms for analyzing neuroimaging data. The GAMMA suite can be used for brain morphometric analysis, lesion-deficit analysis, and functional MR data analysis.
View all literature mentionsThe mission of the Arabidopsis Biological Resource Center (ABRC) is to acquire, preserve and distribute seed and DNA resources that are useful to the Arabidopsis research community. More than 100,000 stocks are shipped annually to researchers in more than 60 countries, and modest fees for stocks are charged. The ABRC database functions and ordering system are incorporated into The Arabidopsis Information Resource (TAIR). Researchers can obtain information about Arabidopsis, perform stock searches, order stocks, and view current and past orders. Sponsors: ABRC is supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. 0542034.
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