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Neurodevelopmental disorders are a challenge in medical genetics due to genetic heterogeneity and complex genotype-phenotype correlations. For this reason, the resolution of single cases not belonging to well-defined syndromes often requires an integrated approach of multiple whole-genome technologies. Such an approach has also unexpectedly revealed a complex molecular basis in an increasing number of patients, for whom the original suspect of a pleiotropic syndrome has been resolved as the summation effect of multiple genes. We describe a 10-year-old boy, the third son of first-cousin parents, with global developmental delay, facial dysmorphism, and bilateral deafness. SNP-array analysis revealed regions of homozygosity (ROHs) in multiple chromosome regions. Whole-exome sequencing prioritized on gene-mapping into the ROHs showed homozygosity for the likely pathogenic c.1097_1098delAG p. (Arg366Thrfs*2) frameshift substitution in LARP7 and the likely pathogenic c.5743C>T p.(Arg1915*) nonsense variant in OTOG. Recessive variants in LARP7 cause Alazami syndrome, while variants in OTOG cause an extremely rare autosomal recessive form of neurosensorial deafness. Previously unreported features were acrocyanosis and palmoplantar hyperhidrosis. This case highlights the utility of encouraging technological updates in medical genetics laboratories involved in the study of neurodevelopmental disorders and integrating laboratory outputs with the competencies of next-generation clinicians.
Pubmed ID: 32244554
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A software package to analyze next-generation resequencing data. The toolkit offers a wide variety of tools, with a primary focus on variant discovery and genotyping as well as strong emphasis on data quality assurance. Its robust architecture, powerful processing engine and high-performance computing features make it capable of taking on projects of any size. This software library makes writing efficient analysis tools using next-generation sequencing data very easy, and second it's a suite of tools for working with human medical resequencing projects such as 1000 Genomes and The Cancer Genome Atlas. These tools include things like a depth of coverage analyzers, a quality score recalibrator, a SNP/indel caller and a local realigner. (entry from Genetic Analysis Software)
View all literature mentionsCollection of curated, non-redundant genomic DNA, transcript RNA, and protein sequences produced by NCBI. Provides a reference for genome annotation, gene identification and characterization, mutation and polymorphism analysis, expression studies, and comparative analyses. Accessed through the Nucleotide and Protein databases.
View all literature mentionsA web server that predicts the functional impact of amino-acid substitutions in proteins, such as mutations discovered in cancer or nonsynonymous polymorphisms. The functional impact is assessed based on evolutionary conservation of the affected amino acid in protein homologs. The method has been validated on a large set (51k) of disease associated (OMIM) and polymorphic variants.
View all literature mentionsArchive of aggregated information about sequence variation and its relationship to human health. Provides reports of relationships among human variations and phenotypes along with supporting evidence. Submissions from clinical testing labs, research labs, locus-specific databases, expert panels and professional societies are welcome. Collects reports of variants found in patient samples, assertions made regarding their clinical significance, information about submitter, and other supporting data. Alleles described in submissions are mapped to reference sequences, and reported according to HGVS standard.
View all literature mentionsOverview of the genetics of hereditary hearing impairment for researchers and clinicians. The site lists data and references for all known gene localizations and identifications for nonsyndromic hearing impairment, and several for syndromic hearing loss. For syndromic hearing impairment, only a few of the most frequent forms are covered. An atlas of cochlea with genes listed can be accessed from this site.
View all literature mentionsInteractive database which incorporates a suite of tools designed to aid the interpretation of submicroscopic chromosomal imbalance. Used to enhance clinical diagnosis by retrieving information from bioinformatics resources relevant to the imbalance found in the patient. Contributing to the DECIPHER database is a Consortium, comprising an international community of academic departments of clinical genetics. Each center maintains control of its own patient data (which are password protected within the center''''s own DECIPHER project) until patient consent is given to allow anonymous genomic and phenotypic data to become freely viewable within Ensembl and other genome browsers. Once data are shared, consortium members are able to gain access to the patient report and contact each other to discuss patients of mutual interest, thus facilitating the delineation of new microdeletion and microduplication syndromes.
View all literature mentionsData analysis service to predict whether an amino acid substitution affects protein function based on sequence homology and the physical properties of amino acids. SIFT can be applied to naturally occurring nonsynonymous polymorphisms and laboratory-induced missense mutations. (entry from Genetic Analysis Software) Web service is also available.
View all literature mentionsAn efficient software tool to utilize update-to-date information to functionally annotate genetic variants detected from diverse genomes (including human genome hg18, hg19, as well as mouse, worm, fly, yeast and many others). Given a list of variants with chromosome, start position, end position, reference nucleotide and observed nucleotides, ANNOVAR can perform: 1. gene-based annotation. 2. region-based annotation. 3. filter-based annotation. 4. other functionalities. (entry from Genetic Analysis Software)
View all literature mentionsThe Society aims to foster discovery and characterization of genomic variations including population distribution and phenotypic associations. We promote collection, documentation and free distribution of genomic variation information and associated clinical variations and endeavor to foster the development of the necessary methodology and informatics. Mission Statement To enhance human health through identification and characterization of changes in the genome that lead to susceptibility to illness. To this end, to collate the genomic information necessary for molecular diagnosis, research on basic mechanisms and design of treatments of human ailments. Society Journal Human Mutation is the Society journal. Members will receive a reduced subscription to the journal if they choose to subscribe. Meetings The Society holds two scientific meetings per year. One as a satellite to either the HUGO (Human Genome Organization) annual meeting or the ESHG (European Society of Human Genetics) annual meeting and one meeting is a satellite to the ASHG (American Society of Human Genetics annual meeting. The meetings are a forum for scientists to exchange ideas and form collaborations. Prominent speakers in the field are invited as well as a call for abstracts at large. The meetings are designed to update and increase knowledge of human genome variation and generally attract a stimulating and interesting collection of abstracts in all fields of human genome variation making it an ideal forum to share information and results. Past themes include: copy number variation, pathogenic or not?, pharmacogenomics, new DNA sequencing technologies, and genotype to pheontype relationships. We invite members and non-members alike to attend these meetings. The Society holds the Annual General Meeting of the members after the scientific meeting that is a satellite of the ASHG. Exhibitor''s booths The Society usually takes out an Exhibitor''s booth at the American & European Societies of Human Genetics annual meetings and sometimes the HUGO HGM meeting. GUIDELINES & RECOMMENDATIONS Members of the Society have formulated Guidelines & Recommendations on a number of topics, but especially for nomenclature of gene variations and guidelines on variation databases.
View all literature mentionsHuman and mouse genome annotation project which aims to identify all gene features in the human genome using computational analysis, manual annotation, and experimental validation.
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