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Perforin-2 (MPEG1) is thought to enable the killing of invading microbes engulfed by macrophages and other phagocytes, forming pores in their membranes. Loss of perforin-2 renders individual phagocytes and whole organisms significantly more susceptible to bacterial pathogens. Here, we reveal the mechanism of perforin-2 activation and activity using atomic structures of pre-pore and pore assemblies, high-speed atomic force microscopy, and functional assays. Perforin-2 forms a pre-pore assembly in which its pore-forming domain points in the opposite direction to its membrane-targeting domain. Acidification then triggers pore formation, via a 180° conformational change. This novel and unexpected mechanism prevents premature bactericidal attack and may have played a key role in the evolution of all perforin family proteins.
Pubmed ID: 32064340
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Open source Java based image processing software program designed for scientific multidimensional images. ImageJ has been transformed to ImageJ2 application to improve data engine to be sufficient to analyze modern datasets.
View all literature mentionsA free package of software programs for inferring phylogenies (evolutionary trees). The source code is distributed (in C), and executables are also distributed. In particular, already-compiled executables are available for Windows (95/98/NT/2000/me/xp/Vista), Mac OS X, and Linux systems. Older executables are also available for Mac OS 8 or 9 systems.
View all literature mentionsSoftware for macromolecular model building, model completion and validation, and protein modelling using X-ray data. Coot displays maps and models and allows model manipulations such as idealization, rigid-body fitting, ligand search, Ramachandran plots, non-crystallographic symmetry and more. Source code is available.
View all literature mentionsAn image analysis software that can process spectra and other multi-dimensional data-sets. The software package is aimed at processing large data sets from (cryo-) electron microscopy, especially in the field of single particle analyses. This software can be used with light and raster-tunneling microscopes, computer tomographs, FT-IR spectrometers and other signal collecting devices. This resource provides three-dimensional data processing and angular reconstitution modules that allow the three-dimensional reconstruction with point-group symmetry from the two dimensional electron microscopy projections. These models aid in the analysis of the macromolecules.
View all literature mentionsSoftware integrated platform used for obtaining 3D structural information from single particle cryo-EM data. Enables automated, high quality and high-throughput structure discovery of proteins, viruses and molecular complexes for research and drug discovery.
View all literature mentionsCell line HEK293T is a Transformed cell line with a species of origin Homo sapiens (Human)
View all literature mentionsCell line HEK293S is a Transformed cell line with a species of origin Homo sapiens (Human)
View all literature mentionsCell line HEK293T is a Transformed cell line with a species of origin Homo sapiens (Human)
View all literature mentions