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Urbanization represents a profound shift in human behaviour, and has considerable cultural and health-associated consequences1,2. Here, we investigate chemical and microbial characteristics of houses and their human occupants across an urbanization gradient in the Amazon rainforest, from a remote Peruvian Amerindian village to the Brazilian city of Manaus. Urbanization was found to be associated with reduced microbial outdoor exposure, increased contact with housing materials, antimicrobials and cleaning products, and increased exposure to chemical diversity. The degree of urbanization correlated with changes in the composition of house bacterial and microeukaryotic communities, increased house and skin fungal diversity, and an increase in the relative abundance of human skin-associated fungi and bacteria in houses. Overall, our results indicate that urbanization has large-scale effects on chemical and microbial exposures and on the human microbiota.
Pubmed ID: 31686026
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scikit-learn: machine learning in Python
View all literature mentionsDatabase that provides access to the current and comprehensive 16S rRNA gene sequence alignment for browsing, blasting, probing, and downloading. The data and tools can assist the researcher in choosing phylogenetically specific probes, interpreting microarray results, and aligning/annotating novel sequences. The 16S rRNA gene database provides chimera screening, standard alignment, and taxonomic classification using multiple published taxonomies. ARB users can use Greengenes to update local databases.
View all literature mentionsHigh quality ribosomal RNA databases providing comprehensive, quality checked and regularly updated datasets of aligned small (16S/18S, SSU) and large subunit (23S/28S, LSU) ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequences for all three domains of life (Bacteria, Archaea and Eukarya). Supplementary services include a rRNA gene aligner, online tools for probe and primer evaluation and optimized browsing, searching and downloading on the website. The extensively curated SILVA taxonomy and the new non-redundant SILVA datasets provide an ideal reference for high-throughput classification of data from next-generation sequencing approaches. Alignment tool, SINA, is available for download as well as available for use online.
View all literature mentionsA fungal rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence database (although additional genes and genetic markers are also welcome) to facilitate identification of environmental samples of fungal DNA. Additional important features include user annotation of INSD sequences to add metadata on, e.g., locality, habitat, soil, climate, and interacting taxa. The user can furthermore annotate INSD sequences with additional species identifications that will appear in the results of any analyses done. UNITE focuses on high-quality ITS sequences generated from fruiting bodies collected and identified by experts and deposited in public herbaria. In addition, it also holds all fungal ITS sequences in the International Nucleotide Sequence Databases (INSD: NCBI, EMBL, DDBJ). Both sets of sequences may be used in any analyses carried out. UNITE is accompanied by a project management system called PlutoF, where users can store field data, document the sequencing lab procedures, manage sequences, and make analyses. PlutoF intends to make it possible for taxonomists, ecologists, and biogeographers to use a common platform for data storage, handling, and analyses, with the intent of facilitating an integration of these disciplines. A user can have an unlimited number of projects but still make analyses across any project data available to him.
View all literature mentionsTHIS RESOURCE IS NO LONGER IN SERVICE. Documented on February 23,2023.Software package for comparison and analysis of microbial communities, primarily based on high-throughput amplicon sequencing data, but also supporting analysis of other types of data. QIMME analyzes and transforms raw sequencing data generated on Illumina or other platforms to publication quality graphics and statistics.
View all literature mentionsMass spectrometry Interactive Virtual Environment (MassIVE) is a community resource developed by the NIH-funded Center for Computational Mass Spectrometry to promote the global, free exchange of mass spectrometry data. Data repository for proteomics data.
View all literature mentionsSequence analysis software for filtering, mapping and OTU-picking NGS reads. SortMeRNA takes as input a file of reads (fasta or fastq format) and one or multiple rRNA database file(s), and sorts apart rRNA and rejected reads into two files specified by the user.
View all literature mentionsSilhouette images of animals, plants, and other life forms, available for reuse. Database stores reusable silhouette images and phylogenetic taxonomy of all organisms. Each image is associated with one or more taxonomic names and indicates roughly what ancestral member of each taxon looked like.
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