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The specification of an axon and its subsequent outgrowth are key steps during neuronal polarization, a prerequisite to wire the brain. The Rho-guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase) RhoA is believed to be a central player in these processes. However, its physiological role has remained undefined. Here, genetic loss- and gain-of-function experiments combined with time-lapse microscopy, cell culture, and in vivo analysis show that RhoA is not involved in axon specification but confines the initiation of neuronal polarization and axon outgrowth during development. Biochemical analysis and super-resolution microscopy together with molecular and pharmacological manipulations reveal that RhoA restrains axon growth by activating myosin-II-mediated actin arc formation in the growth cone to prevent microtubules from protruding toward the leading edge. Through this mechanism, RhoA regulates the duration of axon growth and pause phases, thus controlling the tightly timed extension of developing axons. Thereby, this work unravels physiologically relevant players coordinating actin-microtubule interactions during axon growth.
Pubmed ID: 31679934
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A Python-based environment of open-source software for mathematics, science, and engineering. The core packages of SciPy include: NumPy, a base N-dimensional array package; SciPy Library, a fundamental library for scientific computing; and IPython, an enhanced interactive console.
View all literature mentionsNumPy is the fundamental package needed for scientific computing with Python. It contains among other things: * a powerful N-dimensional array object * sophisticated (broadcasting) functions * tools for integrating C/C and Fortran code * useful linear algebra, Fourier transform, and random number capabilities. Besides its obvious scientific uses, NumPy can also be used as an efficient multi-dimensional container of generic data. Arbitrary data-types can be defined. This allows NumPy to seamlessly and speedily integrate with a wide variety of databases. Sponsored by ENTHOUGHT
View all literature mentionsThis polyclonal targets Myosin light chain (phospho S20)
View all literature mentionsThis unknown targets Mouse IgG (H+L)
View all literature mentionsThis polyclonal secondary targets IgG (H+L)
View all literature mentionsThis polyclonal targets Phospho-MYPT1 (Thr696)
View all literature mentionsThis polyclonal secondary targets IgG (H+L)
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View all literature mentionsThis polyclonal targets beta-Tubulin III antibody produced in rabbit
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View all literature mentionsThis monoclonal targets Human SATB2
View all literature mentionsThis monoclonal targets Cdc42
View all literature mentionsThis monoclonal targets Human Cofilin
View all literature mentionsThis monoclonal targets CFL1
View all literature mentionsThis monoclonal targets Neuronal Class III beta-Tubulin (TUJ1) Purified
View all literature mentionsThis polyclonal targets actin
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View all literature mentionsThis polyclonal secondary targets IgG (H+L)
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View all literature mentionsThis monoclonal targets L1CAM
View all literature mentionsThis polyclonal secondary targets IgG (H+L)
View all literature mentionsThis unknown targets IgG
View all literature mentionsThis monoclonal targets anti GAPDH (Loading Control)
View all literature mentionsThis monoclonal targets Rac1 clone 23A8
View all literature mentionsThis polyclonal secondary targets IgG (H+L)
View all literature mentionsThis unknown targets Mouse IgG
View all literature mentionsThis monoclonal targets RhoA (67B9) Rabbit mAb
View all literature mentionsMus musculus with name B6.Cg-Tg(Nes-cre)1Kln/J from IMSR.
View all literature mentionsMus musculus with name C57BL/6J from IMSR.
View all literature mentionsMus musculus with name C57BL/6-Tg(CAG-EGFP)1Osb/J from IMSR.
View all literature mentionsNeuronJ is an ImageJ plugin to facilitate the tracing and quantification of elongated structures in two-dimensional (2D) images (8-bit gray-scale and indexed color), in particular neurites in fluorescence microscopy images. Sponsors: The development of NeuronJ started while the primary developer ( Dr. Erik Meijering, PhD) was with the Biomedical Imaging Group (collaborating with people from the Laboratory of Cellular Neurobiology) of the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL), Switzerland, and was finished while Dr. Meijering was with the Biomedical Imaging Group Rotterdam in the Netherlands.
View all literature mentionsMus musculus with name STOCK Tg(Thy1-EGFP)MJrs/J from IMSR.
View all literature mentionsA set of fluorescence microscope image processing packages which perform image restoration, interactive analysis, and volume visualization of 2D and 3D multi channel microscopy images or time series. The restoration is based on different deconvolution algorithms, that permit the recovery of objects from images that are degraded by blurring and noise. Tutorials and documentation are available on the website.
View all literature mentionsUser interface software for Carl Zeiss light microscopy imaging systems. ZEN is the universal user interface you will see on every imaging system from ZEISS. After selecting fluorophore, ZEN applies the necessary settings to collect and organize data.
View all literature mentionsDigital image processing system where microscope settings and processing steps may be adjusted in single user interface. Can acquire images from variety of cameras. Includes software package for capturing, archiving and preparing images for publication. Allows users to visualize and present images in several dimensions. Functionality of imaging toolbox expands constantly with wide range of different modules that are tailored to specific applications or microscope accessories. This resource is duplicated by SCR_018376
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