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Lessons from LIMK1 enzymology and their impact on inhibitor design.

Eidarus Salah | Deep Chatterjee | Alessandra Beltrami | Anthony Tumber | Franziska Preuss | Peter Canning | Apirat Chaikuad | Petra Knaus | Stefan Knapp | Alex N Bullock | Sebastian Mathea
The Biochemical journal | 2019

LIM domain kinase 1 (LIMK1) is a key regulator of actin dynamics. It is thereby a potential therapeutic target for the prevention of fragile X syndrome and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Herein, we use X-ray crystallography and activity assays to describe how LIMK1 accomplishes substrate specificity, to suggest a unique 'rock-and-poke' mechanism of catalysis and to explore the regulation of the kinase by activation loop phosphorylation. Based on these findings, a differential scanning fluorimetry assay and a RapidFire mass spectrometry activity assay were established, leading to the discovery and confirmation of a set of small-molecule LIMK1 inhibitors. Interestingly, several of the inhibitors were inactive towards the closely related isoform LIMK2. Finally, crystal structures of the LIMK1 kinase domain in complex with inhibitors (PF-477736 and staurosporine, respectively) are presented, providing insights into LIMK1 plasticity upon inhibitor binding.

Pubmed ID: 31652302

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Phaser (tool)

RRID:SCR_014219

Crystallographic software which solves structures using algorithms and automated rapid search calculations to perform molecular replacement and experimental phasing methods.

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MolProbity (tool)

RRID:SCR_014226

A structure-validation web application which provides an expert-system consultation about the accuracy of a macromolecular structure model, diagnosing local problems and enabling their correction. MolProbity works best as an active validation tool (used as soon as a model is available and during each rebuild/refine loop) and when used for protein and RNA crystal structures, but it may also work well for DNA, ligands and NMR ensembles. It produces coordinates, graphics, and numerical evaluations that integrate with either manual or automated use in systems such as PHENIX, KiNG, or Coot.

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