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The thalamus has been implicated in fear extinction, yet the role of the thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN) in this process remains unclear. Here, in mice, we show that the rostroventral part of the TRN (TRNrv) is critically involved in the extinction of tone-dependent fear memory. Optogenetic excitation of TRNrv neurons during extinction learning dramatically facilitated, whereas the inhibition disrupted, the fear extinction. Single unit recordings demonstrated that TRNrv neurons selectively respond to conditioned stimuli but not to neutral stimuli. TRNrv neurons suppressed the spiking activity of the medial part of the dorsal midline thalamus (dMTm), and a blockade of this inhibitory pathway disrupted fear extinction. Finally, we found that the suppression of dMTm projections to the central amygdala promotes fear extinction, and TRNrv neurons have direct connections to this pathway. Our results uncover a previously unknown function of the TRN and delineate the neural circuit for thalamic control of fear memory.
Pubmed ID: 31604913
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Multi paradigm numerical computing environment and fourth generation programming language developed by MathWorks. Allows matrix manipulations, plotting of functions and data, implementation of algorithms, creation of user interfaces, and interfacing with programs written in other languages, including C, C++, Java, Fortran and Python. Used to explore and visualize ideas and collaborate across disciplines including signal and image processing, communications, control systems, and computational finance.
View all literature mentionsNon-profit plasmid repository dedicated to helping scientists around the world share high-quality plasmids. Facilitates archiving and distributing DNA-based research reagents and associated data to scientists worldwide. Repository contains over 65,000 plasmids, including special collections on CRISPR, fluorescent proteins, and ready-to-use viral preparations. There is no cost for scientists to deposit plasmids, which saves time and money associated with shipping plasmids themselves. All plasmids are fully sequenced for validation and sequencing data is openly available. We handle the appropriate Material Transfer Agreements (MTA) with institutions, facilitating open exchange and offering intellectual property and liability protection for depositing scientists. Furthermore, we curate free educational resources for the scientific community including a blog, eBooks, video protocols, and detailed molecular biology resources.
View all literature mentionsStatistical analysis and scientific graphing software for Windows OS.
View all literature mentionsOrganization which manufactures bacteria for research and clinical investigations. List Biological Laboratories cultivates native and recombinant microorganisms and purifies, formulates, and lyopholizes enzyme products, virulence factors, and microbial cell wall components. Products include antibodies, microbial toxins, peptides, and virulence factors. Services include live biotherapeutics for clinical trials, contracting research capabilities, GMP regulatory support, lyopholization services and support, and toxin compliance.
View all literature mentionsA video-based system to detect animal movement in fear conditioning experiments, as well as movements in learned helplessness experiments. FreezeFrame can detect animal movements (as small as 1mm) and actions, including grooming, sniffing, turning, and rearing. It can also collect and process data for learned helplessness experiments, such as Tail Suspension and the Porsolt Forced Swim Test. This software can monitor animals for up to 15 times per second.
View all literature mentionsOpen source pulse train generator that allows users to create and trigger software defined trains of voltage pulses with high temporal precision. Generates precisely timed pulse sequences for use in research involving electrophysiology or psychophysics.
View all literature mentionsMus musculus with name C57BL/6J from IMSR.
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