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Skeletal muscles consist of fibers of differing metabolic activities and contractility, which become remodeled in response to chronic exercise, but the epigenomic basis for muscle identity and adaptation remains poorly understood. Here, we used chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing of dimethylated histone 3 lysine 4 and acetylated histone 3 lysine 27 as well as transposase-accessible chromatin profiling to dissect cis-regulatory networks across muscle groups. We demonstrate that in vivo enhancers specify muscles in accordance with myofiber composition, show little resemblance to cultured myotube enhancers, and identify glycolytic and oxidative muscle-specific regulators. Moreover, we find that voluntary wheel running and muscle-specific peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 alpha (Pgc1a) transgenic (mTg) overexpression, which stimulate endurance performance in mice, result in markedly different changes to the epigenome. Exercise predominantly leads to enhancer hypoacetylation, whereas mTg causes hyperacetylation at different sites. Integrative analysis of regulatory regions and gene expression revealed that exercise and mTg are each associated with myocyte enhancer factor (MEF) 2 and estrogen-related receptor (ERR) signaling and transcription of genes promoting oxidative metabolism. However, exercise was additionally associated with regulation by retinoid X receptor (RXR), jun proto-oncogene (JUN), sine oculis homeobox factor (SIX), and other factors. Overall, our work defines the unique enhancer repertoires of skeletal muscles in vivo and reveals that divergent exercise-induced or PGC1α-driven epigenomic programs direct partially convergent transcriptional networks.
Pubmed ID: 31589602
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Statistical analysis software that combines scientific graphing, comprehensive curve fitting (nonlinear regression), understandable statistics, and data organization. Designed for biological research applications in pharmacology, physiology, and other biological fields for data analysis, hypothesis testing, and modeling.
View all literature mentionsStatistical analysis and scientific graphing software for Windows OS.
View all literature mentionsA software package that integrates ChIP-seq of transcription factors or chromatin regulators with differential gene expression data to infer direct target genes. BETA has three functions: (1) to predict whether the factor has activating or repressive function; (2) to infer the factor''''s target genes; and (3) to identify the motif of the factor and its collaborators which might modulate the factor''''s activating or repressive function. BETA requires ~2GB RAM and 1h for the whole procedure. BETA may run on the web server at Cistrome or may be downloaded.
View all literature mentionsSoftware ultrafast memory efficient tool for aligning sequencing reads. Bowtie is short read aligner.
View all literature mentionsA next-generation web-based application that aims to provide an integrated solution for both visualization and analysis of deep-sequencing data, along with simple access to public datasets.
View all literature mentionsProteintech Europe Ltd is an ISO 9001:2008 certified company
View all literature mentionsSoftware tools for Motif Discovery and next-gen sequencing analysis. Used for analyzing ChIP-Seq, GRO-Seq, RNA-Seq, DNase-Seq, Hi-C and numerous other types of functional genomics sequencing data sets. Collection of command line programs for unix style operating systems written in Perl and C++.
View all literature mentionsNIH is the nations medical research agency - making important medical discoveries that improve health and save lives. The National Institutes of Health (NIH), a part of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, is the primary Federal agency for conducting and supporting medical research. Helping to lead the way toward important medical discoveries that improve peoples health and save lives, NIH scientists investigate ways to prevent disease as well as the causes, treatments, and even cures for common and rare diseases. NIH research impacts: * child and teen health, * men's health, * minority health, * seniors' health, * women's health, and * wellness and lifestyle issues. Composed of 27 Institutes and Centers, the NIH provides leadership and financial support to researchers in every state and throughout the world.
View all literature mentionsIntegrated database resource consisting of 16 main databases, broadly categorized into systems information, genomic information, and chemical information. In particular, gene catalogs in completely sequenced genomes are linked to higher-level systemic functions of cell, organism, and ecosystem. Analysis tools are also available. KEGG may be used as reference knowledge base for biological interpretation of large-scale datasets generated by sequencing and other high-throughput experimental technologies.
View all literature mentionsBioconductor software package for Empirical analysis of Digital Gene Expression data in R. Used for differential expression analysis of RNA-seq and digital gene expression data with biological replication.
View all literature mentionsA commercial antibody supplier which supplies primary and secondary antibodies, biochemicals, proteins, peptides, lysates, immunoassays and other kits.
View all literature mentionsWeb tool written in R for generation of box plots with R packages shiny, beanplot4, vioplot, beeswarm and RColorBrewer, and hosted on shiny server to allow for interactive data analysis. Data are held temporarily and discarded as soon as session terminates.Represents both summary statistics and distribution of primary data. Enables visualization of minimum, lower quartile, median, upper quartile and maximum of any data set.Data matrix can be uploaded as file or pasted into application. May be downloaded to run locally or as virtual machine for VMware and VirtualBox.
View all literature mentionsSoftware package for differential gene expression analysis based on the negative binomial distribution. Used for analyzing RNA-seq data for differential analysis of count data, using shrinkage estimation for dispersions and fold changes to improve stability and interpretability of estimates.
View all literature mentionsAlignment analysis software tool for comparative mapping between two genome assemblies or between two different genomes. It can cache intermediate results to speed a comparisons of multiple sequences.
View all literature mentionsSoftware application with data analysis tools and spreadsheet templates to track and visualize data. It is used to manage and process data.
View all literature mentionsWeb service to analyze gene or protein lists. Provides automated meta analysis tools to understand pathways within a group of orthogonal target-discovery studies.
View all literature mentionsMus musculus with name C57BL/6J from IMSR.
View all literature mentionsCell line C2C12 is a Spontaneously immortalized cell line with a species of origin Mus musculus (Mouse)
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