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Metaviromics Reveals Unknown Viral Diversity in the Biting Midge Culicoides impunctatus.

Sejal Modha | Joseph Hughes | Giovanni Bianco | Heather M Ferguson | Barbara Helm | Lily Tong | Gavin S Wilkie | Alain Kohl | Esther Schnettler
Viruses | 2019

Biting midges (Culicoides species) are vectors of arboviruses and were responsible for the emergence and spread of Schmallenberg virus (SBV) in Europe in 2011 and are likely to be involved in the emergence of other arboviruses in Europe. Improved surveillance and better understanding of risks require a better understanding of the circulating viral diversity in these biting insects. In this study, we expand the sequence space of RNA viruses by identifying a number of novel RNA viruses from Culicoides impunctatus (biting midge) using a meta-transcriptomic approach. A novel metaviromic pipeline called MetaViC was developed specifically to identify novel virus sequence signatures from high throughput sequencing (HTS) datasets in the absence of a known host genome. MetaViC is a protein centric pipeline that looks for specific protein signatures in the reads and contigs generated as part of the pipeline. Several novel viruses, including an alphanodavirus with both segments, a novel relative of the Hubei sobemo-like virus 49, two rhabdo-like viruses and a chuvirus, were identified in the Scottish midge samples. The newly identified viruses were found to be phylogenetically distinct to those previous known. These findings expand our current knowledge of viral diversity in arthropods and especially in these understudied disease vectors.

Pubmed ID: 31533247

Research resources used in this publication

None found

Antibodies used in this publication

None found

Associated grants

  • Agency: Medical Research Council, United Kingdom
    Id: MC_UU_12014/12
  • Agency: Medical Research Council, United Kingdom
    Id: MC_UU_12014/8
  • Agency: Medical Research Council, United Kingdom
    Id: MC_UU_12014/12 and MC_UU_12014/8

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This is a list of tools and resources that we have found mentioned in this publication.


QUAST (tool)

RRID:SCR_001228

Quality assessment software tool for evaluating and comparing genome assemblies. It works both with and without a given reference genome. It produces many reports, summary tables and plots.

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RefSeq (tool)

RRID:SCR_003496

Collection of curated, non-redundant genomic DNA, transcript RNA, and protein sequences produced by NCBI. Provides a reference for genome annotation, gene identification and characterization, mutation and polymorphism analysis, expression studies, and comparative analyses. Accessed through the Nucleotide and Protein databases.

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NCBI BioProject (tool)

RRID:SCR_004801

Database of biological data related to a single initiative, originating from a single organization or from a consortium. A BioProject record provides users a single place to find links to the diverse data types generated for that project. It is a searchable collection of complete and incomplete (in-progress) large-scale sequencing, assembly, annotation, and mapping projects for cellular organisms. Submissions are supported by a web-based Submission Portal. The database facilitates organization and classification of project data submitted to NCBI, EBI and DDBJ databases that captures descriptive information about research projects that result in high volume submissions to archival databases, ties together related data across multiple archives and serves as a central portal by which to inform users of data availability. BioProject records link to corresponding data stored in archival repositories. The BioProject resource is a redesigned, expanded, replacement of the NCBI Genome Project resource. The redesign adds tracking of several data elements including more precise information about a project''''s scope, material, and objectives. Genome Project identifiers are retained in the BioProject as the ID value for a record, and an Accession number has been added. Database content is exchanged with other members of the International Nucleotide Sequence Database Collaboration (INSDC). BioProject is accessible via FTP.

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RAxML (tool)

RRID:SCR_006086

Software program for phylogenetic analyses of large datasets under maximum likelihood.

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GARM (tool)

RRID:SCR_006731

A new software pipeline to merge and reconcile assemblies from different algorithms or sequencing technologies.

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DIAMOND (tool)

RRID:SCR_009457

Software to: view dicom files and assemble them into 3D volumes. View and convert between Analyze, Nifti, and Interfile. Classify and organize dicoms and 3D volumes using metadata. Search and report on a collection of scans.

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MAFFT (tool)

RRID:SCR_011811

Software package as multiple alignment program for amino acid or nucleotide sequences. Can align up to 500 sequences or maximum file size of 1 MB. First version of MAFFT used algorithm based on progressive alignment, in which sequences were clustered with help of Fast Fourier Transform. Subsequent versions have added other algorithms and modes of operation, including options for faster alignment of large numbers of sequences, higher accuracy alignments, alignment of non-coding RNA sequences, and addition of new sequences to existing alignments.

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IDBA-UD (tool)

RRID:SCR_011912

Software for an iterative De Bruijn Graph De Novo Assembler for Short Reads Sequencing data with Highly Uneven Sequencing Depth.

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jModelTest (tool)

RRID:SCR_015244

Software tool used to carry out statistical selection of best-fit models of nucleotide substitution without the aid of PAUP*. It implements five different model selection strategies: hierarchical and dynamical likelihood ratio tests, Akaike and Bayesian information criteria, and a decision theory method. It also provides estimates of model selection uncertainty, parameter importances, and model-averaged parameter estimates.

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