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Muscle formation is controlled by a number of key myogenic transcriptional regulators that govern stage-specific gene expression programs and act as terminal effectors of intracellular signaling pathways. To date, the role of phosphatases in the signaling cascades instructing muscle development remains poorly understood. Here, we show that a specific PP2A-B55δ holoenzyme is necessary for skeletal myogenesis. The primary role of PP2A-B55δ is to dephosphorylate histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4) following myocyte differentiation and ensure repression of Myocyte enhancer factor 2D (MEF2D)-dependent gene expression programs during myogenic fusion. As a crucial HDAC4/MEF2D target gene that governs myocyte fusion, we identify ArgBP2, an upstream inhibitor of Abl, which itself is a repressor of CrkII signaling. Consequently, cells lacking PP2A-B55δ show upregulation of ArgBP2 and hyperactivation of CrkII downstream effectors, including Rac1 and FAK, precluding cytoskeletal and membrane rearrangements associated with myoblast fusion. Both in vitro and in zebrafish, loss-of-function of PP2A-B55δ severely impairs fusion of myocytes and formation of multinucleated muscle fibers, without affecting myoblast differentiation. Taken together, our results establish PP2A-B55δ as the first protein phosphatase to be involved in myoblast fusion and suggest that reversible phosphorylation of HDAC4 may coordinate differentiation and fusion events during myogenesis.
Pubmed ID: 31273193
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View all literature mentionsBioinformatics resource system including web server and web service for functional annotation and enrichment analyses of gene lists. Consists of comprehensive knowledgebase and set of functional analysis tools. Includes gene centered database integrating heterogeneous gene annotation resources to facilitate high throughput gene functional analysis.
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View all literature mentionsCell line C2C12 is a Spontaneously immortalized cell line with a species of origin Mus musculus (Mouse)
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