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The motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD) are thought to stem from an imbalance in the activity of striatal direct- and indirect-pathway spiny projection neurons (SPNs). Disease-induced alterations in the activity of networks controlling SPNs could contribute to this imbalance. One of these networks is anchored by the parafascicular nucleus (PFn) of the thalamus. To determine the role of the PFn in striatal PD pathophysiology, optogenetic, chemogenetic, and electrophysiological tools were used in ex vivo slices from transgenic mice with region-specific Cre recombinase expression. These studies revealed that in parkinsonian mice, the functional connectivity of PFn neurons with indirect pathway SPNs (iSPNs) was selectively enhanced by cholinergic interneurons acting through presynaptic nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) on PFn terminals. Attenuating this network adaptation by chemogenetic or genetic strategies alleviated motor-learning deficits in parkinsonian mice, pointing to a potential new therapeutic strategy for PD patients.
Pubmed ID: 30658860
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Community-based initiative to promote and co-ordinate open-source software development in neuroscience hosting a number of software projects for computational and systems neuroscience, including PyNN, NeuroTools, Brian, Neo, OpenElectrophy, libNeuroML and Sumatra. Some of the projects use their Trac installation, others are on GitHub. By grouping these projects together under the NeuralEnsemble umbrella, the aim is to maximize interoperability and build components that can easily be combined into powerful systems for brain simulations and advanced data analysis. An annual CodeJam workshop is organized, bringing together scientists, graduate students, and scientific programmers to share ideas, present their work, and write code together. These workshops have been hugely effective in catalyzing open-source neuroscience software development. There is a NeuralEnsemble Google group for discussion of collaborative neuroscience software development (mainly in Python, but users of other languages are welcome!) and to provide software support.
View all literature mentionsSoftware suite for electrophysiology data acquisition and analysis by Molecular Devices. Used for the control and recording of voltage clamp, current clamp, and patch clamp experiments. The software suite consists of Clampex 11 Software for data acquisition, AxoScope 11 Software for background recording, Clampfit 11 Software for data analysis, and optional Clampfit Advanced Analysis Module for sophisticated and streamlined analysis.
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This monoclonal targets Tyrosine Hydroxylase
View all literature mentionsThis polyclonal secondary targets IgG (H+L)
View all literature mentionsOpen source Java based image processing software program designed for scientific multidimensional images. ImageJ has been transformed to ImageJ2 application to improve data engine to be sufficient to analyze modern datasets.
View all literature mentionsMus musculus with name B6.Cg-Tg(Drd1a-tdTomato)6Calak/J from IMSR.
View all literature mentionsMulti paradigm numerical computing environment and fourth generation programming language developed by MathWorks. Allows matrix manipulations, plotting of functions and data, implementation of algorithms, creation of user interfaces, and interfacing with programs written in other languages, including C, C++, Java, Fortran and Python. Used to explore and visualize ideas and collaborate across disciplines including signal and image processing, communications, control systems, and computational finance.
View all literature mentionsMus musculus with name STOCK Tg(Grp-cre)KH288Gsat/Mmucd from MMRRC.
View all literature mentionsVector graphics software to create digital graphics, illustrations, and typography for several types of media: print, web, interactive, video, and mobile.
View all literature mentionsMus musculus with name C57BL/6J from IMSR.
View all literature mentionsMus musculus with name B6;FVB-Tg(Drd2-EGFP/Rpl10a)CP101Htz/J from IMSR.
View all literature mentionsA video tracking system designed for high-throughput behavioral experiments. LimeLight can track up to 4 arenas at once and can collect images at up to 30 frames per second for one animal or up to 8 frames per second when tracking 4 arenas at once. The tracking system has 2 different hardware configurations: the 1-camera system can be used to record 1 to 4 animals at once, while for multiple animals, each one is placed in a separate arena in one quadrant of the image. The software contains productivity features such as flexible arena setup, user-defined behavior scoring, stimulus control, and various analytical functions for quantifying behavior. The program is designed for experiments such as Open Field, Plus Maze, Radial Arm Maze, Zero Maze, Novel Object Recognition, Conditioned Place Preference, and Barnes Maze.
View all literature mentionsA Python package for representing electrophysiology data, together with support for reading a wide range of neurophysiology file formats, including Spike2, NeuroExplorer, AlphaOmega, Axon, Blackrock, Plexon, Tdt, and support for writing to a subset of these formats plus non-proprietary formats including HDF5. The goal of Neo is to improve interoperability between Python tools for analyzing, visualizing and generating electrophysiology data (such as OpenElectrophy, NeuroTools, G-node, Helmholtz, PyNN) by providing a common, shared object model. In order to be as lightweight a dependency as possible, Neo is deliberately limited to represention of data, with no functions for data analysis or visualization. Neo implements a hierarchical data model well adapted to intracellular and extracellular electrophysiology and EEG data with support for multi-electrodes (for example tetrodes). Neo's data objects build on the quantities package, which in turn builds on NumPy by adding support for physical dimensions. Thus Neo objects behave just like normal NumPy arrays, but with additional metadata, checks for dimensional consistency and automatic unit conversion.
View all literature mentionsMus musculus with name STOCK Tg(Rbp4-cre)KL100Gsat/Mmucd from MMRRC.
View all literature mentionsImaris provides range of capabilities for working with three dimensional images. Uses flexible editing and processing functions, such as interactive surface rendering and object slicing capabilities. And output to standard TIFF, Quicktime and AVI formats. Imaris accepts virtually all image formats that are used in confocal microscopy and many of those used in wide-field image acquisition.
View all literature mentionsSoftware used for visualizing and graphing data, image processing, and programming. It is designed for use by scientists and engineers and supports large data sets, evenly spaced data, and various data import formats. The software includes a suite of image processing operations for image filtering, manipulation, and quantification and is completely programmable.
View all literature mentionsMus musculus with name B6;129S6-Chattm2(cre)Lowl/J from IMSR.
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