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Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) is the most sensitive technique for evaluating gene expression levels. Choosing appropriate reference genes for normalizing target gene expression is important for verifying expression changes. Metasequoia is a high-quality and economically important wood species. However, few systematic studies have examined reference genes in Metasequoia. Here, the expression stability of 14 candidate reference genes in different tissues and following different hormone treatments were analyzed using six algorithms. Candidate reference genes were used to normalize the expression pattern of FLOWERING LOCUS T and pyrabactin resistance-like 8. Analysis using the GrayNorm algorithm showed that ACT2 (Actin 2), HIS (histone superfamily protein H3) and TATA (TATA binding protein) were stably expressed in different tissues. ACT2, EF1α (elongation factor-1 alpha) and HIS were optimal for leaves treated with the flowering induction hormone solution, while Cpn60β (60-kDa chaperonin β-subunit), GAPDH (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase) and HIS were the best reference genes for treated buds. EF1α, HIS and TATA were useful reference genes for accurate normalization in abscisic acid-response signaling. Our results emphasize the importance of validating reference genes for qRT-PCR analysis in Metasequoia. To avoid errors, suitable reference genes should be used for different tissues and hormone treatments to increase normalization accuracy. Our study provides a foundation for reference gene normalization when analyzing gene expression in Metasequoia.
Pubmed ID: 30577651
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Software package that performs aggregation of ordered lists based on the ranks using several different algorithms: Borda count, Cross-Entropy Monte Carlo algorithm, Genetic algorithm, and a brute force algorithm.
View all literature mentionsExcel-based tool using pair-wise correlations for determination of stable housekeeping genes, differentially regulated target genes and sample integrity. It determines the best suited standards, out of ten candidates, and combines them into an index. The index can be compared with further ten target genes to decide, whether they are differentially expressed under an applied treatment. All data processing is based on crossing points.
View all literature mentionsSoftware for identifying the optimal normalization gene among a set of candidates. It ranks the set of candidate normalization genes according to their expression stability in a given sample set and given experimental design. It can analyze expression data obtained through any quantitative method e.g. real time RT-PCR and microarray based expression analysis. NormFinder.xla adds the NormFinder functionality directly to Excel. A version for R is also available.
View all literature mentionsSoftware to determine most stable reference (housekeeping) genes from set of tested candidate reference genes in given sample panel. From this, gene expression normalization factor can be calculated for each sample based geometric mean of user-defined number of reference genes.
View all literature mentionsLight cycler software for analysis of quatitative real time PCR
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