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In the majority of wheat growing areas worldwide, the incidence of drought stress has increased significantly resulting in a negative impact on plant development and grain yield. Arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis is known to improve drought stress tolerance of wheat. However, quantitative trait loci (QTL) involved in the response to drought stress conditions in the presence of mycorrhizae are largely unknown. Therefore, a diverse set consisting of 94 bread wheat genotypes was phenotyped under drought stress and well watered conditions in the presence and absence of mycorrhizae. Grain yield and yield components, drought stress related traits as well as response to mycorrhizae were assessed. In parallel, wheat accessions were genotyped by using the 90k iSelect chip, resulting in a set of 15511 polymorphic and mapped SNP markers, which were used for genome-wide association studies (GWAS). In general, drought stress tolerance of wheat was significantly increased in the presence of mycorrhizae compared to drought stress tolerance in the absence of mycorrhizae. However, genotypes differed in their response to mycorrhizae under drought stress conditions. Several QTL regions on different chromosomes were detected associated with grain yield and yield components under drought stress conditions. Furthermore, two genome regions on chromosomes 3D and 7D were found to be significantly associated with the response to mycorrhizae under drought stress conditions. Overall, the results reveal that inoculation of wheat with mycorrhizal fungi significantly improves drought stress tolerance and that QTL regions associated with the response to mycorrhizae under drought stress conditions exist in wheat. Further research is necessary to validate detected QTL regions. However, this study may be the starting point for the identification of candidate genes associated with drought stress tolerance and response to mycorrhizae under drought stress conditions. Maybe in future, these initial results will help to contribute to use mycorrhizal fungi effectively in agriculture and combine new approaches i.e., use of genotypic variation in response to mycorrhizae under drought stress conditions with existing drought tolerance breeding programs to develop new drought stress tolerant genotypes.
Pubmed ID: 30568663
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Software package for analysis of large-scale genetic data sets with hundreds of thousands of markers genotyped on thousands of samples. BEAGLE can * phase genotype data (i.e. infer haplotypes) for unrelated individuals, parent-offspring pairs, and parent-offspring trios. * infer sporadic missing genotype data. * impute ungenotyped markers that have been genotyped in a reference panel. * perform single marker and haplotypic association analysis. * detect genetic regions that are homozygous-by-descent in an individual or identical-by-descent in pairs of individuals. Beagle can also be used in conjunction with PRESTO, a program for fast and flexible permutation testing. PRESTO can compute empirical distributions of order statistics, analyze stratified data, and determine significance levels for one-stage and two-stage genetic association studies. BEAGLE is written in Java and runs on any computing platform with a Java version 1.6 interpreter (e.g. Windows, Unix, Linux, Solaris, Mac).
View all literature mentionsSoftware package for using multi locus genotype data to investigate population structure. Used for inferring presence of distinct populations, assigning individuals to populations, studying hybrid zones, identifying migrants and admixed individuals, and estimating population allele frequencies in situations where many individuals are migrants or admixed. Can be applied to most of commonly used genetic markers, including SNPS, microsatellites, RFLPs and Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphisms.
View all literature mentionsAn ALL in ONE tool for functional annotation of (novel) sequences and the analysis of annotation data. Blast2GO (B2G) joins in one universal application similarity search based GO annotation and functional analysis. B2G offers the possibility of direct statistical analysis on gene function information and visualization of relevant functional features on a highlighted GO direct acyclic graph (DAG). Furthermore B2G includes various statistics charts summarizing the results obtained at BLASTing, GO-mapping, annotation and enrichment analysis (Fisher''''s Exact Test). All analysis process steps are configurable and data import and export are supported at any stage. The application also accepts pre-existing BLAST or annotation files and takes them to subsequent steps. The tool offers a very suitable platform for high throughput functional genomics research in non-model species. B2G is a species-independent, intuitive and interactive desktop application which allows monitoring and comprehending the whole annotation and analysis process supported by additional features like GO Slim integration, evidence code (EC) consideration, a Batch-Mode or GO-Multilevel-Pies. Platform: Windows compatible, Mac OS X compatible, Linux compatible, Unix compatible
View all literature mentionsSoftware application that plots measures of pairwise linkage disequilibria for SNPs (entry from Genetic Analysis Software)
View all literature mentionsA software package for visualizing data and information. It visualizes data in a circular layout - this makes Circos ideal for exploring relationships between objects or positions.
View all literature mentionsSoftware package which performs a variety of genetic analyses including association mapping, diversity estimation and calculating linkage disequilibrium. The association analysis between genotypes and phenotypes can be performed by either a general linear model or a mixed linear model. The general linear model now allows users to analyze complex field designs, environmental interactions, and epistatic interactions. The mixed model is specially designed to handle polygenic effects at multiple levels of relatedness including pedigree information. These new analyses should permit association analysis in a wide range plant and animal species. (entry from Genetic Analysis Software)
View all literature mentionsSoftware package for using multi locus genotype data to investigate population structure. Used for inferring presence of distinct populations, assigning individuals to populations, studying hybrid zones, identifying migrants and admixed individuals, and estimating population allele frequencies in situations where many individuals are migrants or admixed. Can be applied to most of commonly used genetic markers, including SNPS, microsatellites, RFLPs and Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphisms.
View all literature mentions