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The standard genetic code (SGC) is a unique set of rules which assign amino acids to codons. Similar amino acids tend to have similar codons indicating that the code evolved to minimize the costs of amino acid replacements in proteins, caused by mutations or translational errors. However, if such optimization in fact occurred, many different properties of amino acids must have been taken into account during the code evolution. Therefore, this problem can be reformulated as a multi-objective optimization task, in which the selection constraints are represented by measures based on various amino acid properties.
Pubmed ID: 30545289
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AAindex is a database of numerical indices representing various physicochemical and biochemical properties of amino acids and pairs of amino acids. AAindex consists of three sections now: AAindex1 for the amino acid index of 20 numerical values, AAindex2 for the amino acid mutation matrix and AAindex3 for the statistical protein contact potentials. All data are derived from published literature. An amino acid index is a set of 20 numerical values representing any of the different physicochemical and biological properties of amino acids. The AAindex1 section of the Amino Acid Index Database is a collection of published indices together with the result of cluster analysis using the correlation coefficient as the distance between two indices. This section currently contains 544 indices. Another important feature of amino acids that can be represented numerically is the similarity between amino acids. Thus, a similarity matrix, also called a mutation matrix, is a set of 210 numerical values, 20 diagonal and 20x19/2 off-diagonal elements, used for sequence alignments and similarity searches. The AAindex2 section of the Amino Acid Index Database is a collection of published amino acid mutation matrices together with the result of cluster analysis. This section currently contains 94 matrices. In the release 9.0, we added a collection of published protein pairwise contact potentials to AAindex as AAindex3. This section currently contains 47 contact potential matrices. Sponsors: This work was supported by grants and resources from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, and the Japan Science and Technology Agency, and the Bioinformatics Center, Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University and the Super Computer System, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo.
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