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Brain structure has been proposed to facilitate as well as constrain functional interactions within brain networks. Simulation models suggest that integrity of white matter (WM) microstructure should be positively related to the complexity of BOLD signal - a measure of network interactions. Using 121 young adults from the Human Connectome Project, we empirically tested whether greater WM integrity would be associated with greater complexity of the BOLD signal during rest via multiscale entropy. Multiscale entropy measures the lack of predictability within a given time series across varying time scales, thus being able to estimate fluctuating signal dynamics within brain networks. Using multivariate analysis techniques (Partial Least Squares), we found that greater WM integrity was associated with greater network complexity at fast time scales, but less network complexity at slower time scales. These findings implicate two separate pathways through which WM integrity affects brain function in the prefrontal cortex - an executive-prefrontal pathway and a perceptuo-occipital pathway. In two additional samples, the main patterns of WM and network complexity were replicated. These findings support simulation models of WM integrity and network complexity and provide new insights into brain structure-function relationships.
Pubmed ID: 30319365
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THIS RESOURCE IS NO LONGER IN SERVICE. Documented on March 17, 2022. Islander is a comprehensive online database containing genomic islands discovered in completely sequenced bacterial genomes by the algorithm. Islands are transmitted between prokaryotic strains and therefore play a major role in genome evolution. An island often encodes an integrase gene that specifies the island''s position in the host genome. Usually integrases specify tRNA genes, and the island splits the the tRNA gene when it integrates. However the island also carries sequence that replaces the split-off portion, restoring an intact tRNA gene. Thus an island is often marked by a tRNA gene at one end, and a fragment of that gene at the other end. The islands in this database were identified using this principle through the following procedure: :1. Search for tRNA and tmRNA genes using tRNAscan-SE and BRUCE on whole prokaryotic genomes. :2. Search for significant hits to each tRNA and tmRNA gene using BLAST against the source genome. :3. Narrow down hits to those containing integrase genes (required for site-specific integration into the host genome). :4. Remove false positives (e.g., tRNA gene fragment not from end of gene, or in wrong orientation). :5. Enter into mysql database, display on website using Perl CGI pages.
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