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Immune Response to Extracellular Vesicles From Human Islets of Langerhans in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes.

Alissa K Rutman | Sarita Negi | Marco Gasparrini | Craig P Hasilo | Jean Tchervenkov | Steven Paraskevas
Endocrinology | 2018

The autoimmune response that characterizes type 1 diabetes (T1D) has no clear cause. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play an important role in triggering the immune response in other contexts. Here, we propose a model by which EVs isolated from human islets stimulate proinflammatory immune responses and lead to peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) activation. We show that human islet EVs are internalized by monocytes and B cells and lead to an increase in T-helper 1, 2, and 17 cytokine expression, as well as T and B cell proliferation. Importantly, we demonstrate memory T and B cell activation by EVs selectively in PBMCs of patients with T1D. Additionally, human islet EVs induce an increase in antibodies against glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 (GAD65) in T1D PBMCs. Furthermore, pretreatment of T1D PBMCs with ibrutinib, an inhibitor of Bruton tyrosine kinase, dampens EV-induced memory B cell activation and GAD65 antibody production. Collectively, our findings indicate a role for human islet EVs in mediating activation of B and T cells and GAD65 autoantibody production.

Pubmed ID: 30307543

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CD69 (antibody)

RRID:AB_2738442

This monoclonal targets CD69

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Anti-Mouse/Rat TNF alpha FITC 50 ug (antibody)

RRID:AB_465426

This monoclonal targets Mouse/Rat TNF alpha FITC 50 ug

View all literature mentions

PE anti-human CD11c (antibody)

RRID:AB_1236439

This monoclonal targets CD11c

View all literature mentions

CD19 PerCP 120 tests (antibody)

RRID:AB_11180155

This monoclonal targets CD19 PerCP 120 tests

View all literature mentions