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There is growing evidence that environmental toxicants can affect various physiological processes by altering DNA methylation patterns. However, very little is known about the impact of toxicant-induced DNA methylation changes on gene expression patterns. The objective of this study was to determine the genome-wide changes in DNA methylation concomitant with altered gene expression patterns in response to 3, 3', 4, 4', 5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB126) exposure. We used PCB126 as a model environmental chemical because the mechanism of action is well-characterized, involving activation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor, a ligand-activated transcription factor. Adult zebrafish were exposed to 10 nM PCB126 for 24 h (water-borne exposure) and brain and liver tissues were sampled at 7 days post-exposure in order to capture both primary and secondary changes in DNA methylation and gene expression. We used enhanced Reduced Representation Bisulfite Sequencing and RNAseq to quantify DNA methylation and gene expression, respectively. Enhanced reduced representation bisulfite sequencing analysis revealed 573 and 481 differentially methylated regions in the liver and brain, respectively. Most of the differentially methylated regions are located more than 10 kilobases upstream of transcriptional start sites of the nearest neighboring genes. Gene Ontology analysis of these genes showed that they belong to diverse physiological pathways including development, metabolic processes and regeneration. RNAseq results revealed differential expression of genes related to xenobiotic metabolism, oxidative stress and energy metabolism in response to polychlorinated biphenyl exposure. There was very little correlation between differentially methylated regions and differentially expressed genes suggesting that the relationship between methylation and gene expression is dynamic and complex, involving multiple layers of regulation.
Pubmed ID: 29686887
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Commercial instrument and chemical vendor. Developer and manufacturer of specialized technological products for life science research and clinical diagnostics markets.
View all literature mentionsCollection of genome databases for vertebrates and other eukaryotic species with DNA and protein sequence search capabilities. Used to automatically annotate genome, integrate this annotation with other available biological data and make data publicly available via web. Ensembl tools include BLAST, BLAT, BioMart and the Variant Effect Predictor (VEP) for all supported species.
View all literature mentionsSoftware R package for simplfiying common tasks in genomic feature analysis. Toolkit to summarize, annotate and visualize genomic intervals. Provides functions for reading BED and GFF files as GRanges objects, summarizing genomic features over predefined windows so users can make average enrichment of features over defined regions or produce heatmaps. Can annotate given regions with other genomic features such as exons,introns and promoters.
View all literature mentionsAn R package for DNA methylation analysis and annotation from high-throughput bisulfite sequencing.
View all literature mentionsSoftware tool to map bisulfite converted sequence reads and determine cytosine methylation states. Flexible aligner and methylation caller for Bisulfite-Seq applications. Used to map bisulfite treated sequencing reads to genome of interest and perform methylation calls in single step.
View all literature mentionsSoftware repository for R packages related to analysis and comprehension of high throughput genomic data. Uses separate set of commands for installation of packages. Software project based on R programming language that provides tools for analysis and comprehension of high throughput genomic data.
View all literature mentionsScript distributed with the HT-Seq Python framework for processing RNA-seq or DNA-seq data.
View all literature mentionsBioconductor software package for Empirical analysis of Digital Gene Expression data in R. Used for differential expression analysis of RNA-seq and digital gene expression data with biological replication.
View all literature mentionsQuality control software that perform checks on raw sequence data coming from high throughput sequencing pipelines. This software also provides a modular set of analyses which can give a quick impression of the quality of the data prior to further analysis.
View all literature mentionsSoftware R interface to g:Profiler. Uses publicly available APIs of g:Profiler web tool which ensures that results from all of interfaces are consistent. Used for gene list functional enrichment analysis and namespace conversion. gprofiler2 package supports all the same organisms, namespaces and data sources as the web tool.
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