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Varicella-zoster virus (VZV), an alphaherpesvirus, establishes lifelong latent infection in the neurons of >90% humans worldwide, reactivating in one-third to cause shingles, debilitating pain and stroke. How VZV maintains latency remains unclear. Here, using ultra-deep virus-enriched RNA sequencing of latently infected human trigeminal ganglia (TG), we demonstrate the consistent expression of a spliced VZV mRNA, antisense to VZV open reading frame 61 (ORF61). The spliced VZV latency-associated transcript (VLT) is expressed in human TG neurons and encodes a protein with late kinetics in productively infected cells in vitro and in shingles skin lesions. Whereas multiple alternatively spliced VLT isoforms (VLTly) are expressed during lytic infection, a single unique VLT isoform, which specifically suppresses ORF61 gene expression in co-transfected cells, predominates in latently VZV-infected human TG. The discovery of VLT links VZV with the other better characterized human and animal neurotropic alphaherpesviruses and provides insights into VZV latency.
Pubmed ID: 29563516
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A commercial antibody supplier and provider of various services.
View all literature mentionsGlobal nonprofit biological resource center (BRC) and research organization that provides biological products, technical services and educational programs to private industry, government and academic organizations. Its mission is to acquire, authenticate, preserve, develop and distribute biological materials, information, technology, intellectual property and standards for the advancement and application of scientific knowledge. The primary purpose of ATCC is to use its resources and experience as a BRC to become the world leader in standard biological reference materials management, intellectual property resource management and translational research as applied to biomaterial development, standardization and certification. ATCC characterizes cell lines, bacteria, viruses, fungi and protozoa, as well as develops and evaluates assays and techniques for validating research resources and preserving and distributing biological materials to the public and private sector research communities.
View all literature mentionsA division of Applied Biosystems selling products for the isolation, detection, quantification, amplification, and characterization of RNA.
View all literature mentionsCommercial vendor and service provider of laboratory reagents and antibodies. Supplier of scientific instrumentation, reagents and consumables, and software services.
View all literature mentionsSoftware tool to visualize and analyse high throughput mapped sequence data.
View all literature mentionsPublic archive providing a comprehensive record of the world''''s nucleotide sequencing information, covering raw sequencing data, sequence assembly information and functional annotation. All submitted data, once public, will be exchanged with the NCBI and DDBJ as part of the INSDC data exchange agreement. The European Nucleotide Archive (ENA) captures and presents information relating to experimental workflows that are based around nucleotide sequencing. A typical workflow includes the isolation and preparation of material for sequencing, a run of a sequencing machine in which sequencing data are produced and a subsequent bioinformatic analysis pipeline. ENA records this information in a data model that covers input information (sample, experimental setup, machine configuration), output machine data (sequence traces, reads and quality scores) and interpreted information (assembly, mapping, functional annotation). Data arrive at ENA from a variety of sources including submissions of raw data, assembled sequences and annotation from small-scale sequencing efforts, data provision from the major European sequencing centers and routine and comprehensive exchange with their partners in the International Nucleotide Sequence Database Collaboration (INSDC). Provision of nucleotide sequence data to ENA or its INSDC partners has become a central and mandatory step in the dissemination of research findings to the scientific community. ENA works with publishers of scientific literature and funding bodies to ensure compliance with these principles and to provide optimal submission systems and data access tools that work seamlessly with the published literature. ENA is made up of a number of distinct databases that includes the EMBL Nucleotide Sequence Database (Embl-Bank), the newly established Sequence Read Archive (SRA) and the Trace Archive. The main tool for downloading ENA data is the ENA Browser, which is available through REST URLs for easy programmatic use. All ENA data are available through the ENA Browser. Note: EMBL Nucleotide Sequence Database (EMBL-Bank) is entirely included within this resource.
View all literature mentionsJava toolset for working with next generation sequencing data in the BAM format.
View all literature mentionsSoftware tool to automate quality and adapter trimming as well as quality control, with some added functionality to remove biased methylation positions for RRBS sequence files for directional, non-directional or paired-end sequencing. Wrapper around Cutadapt and FastQC to consistently apply adapter and quality trimming to FastQ files, with extra functionality for Reduced Representation Bisulfite Sequencing data.
View all literature mentionsA biomaterial supply resource which collects, stores, and disseminates diseased and healthy brain tissue. The Netherlands Brain Bank currently contains more than 3600 samples, and each sample includes a neuropathological report and donor medical history. The samples can additionally be matched with ante-mortem parameters and post-mortem parameters upon request. Sample types include cortex, spinal cord, cerebrospinal fluid, plasma, and DNA, among others. Database mining is available with a financial contribution.
View all literature mentionsA software tool developed to process and analyze small RNA-seq data with respect to a reference genome, and output a comprehensive and informative annotation of all discovered small RNA genes. ShortStack discovers small RNA ''clusters'' de novo, based on user-set thresholds, and annotates clusters with respect to small RNA size, orientation, and repetitiveness. ShortStack also discovers and annotates MIRNA genes, and other Hairpin-associated small RNA genes. In addition, ShortStack includes a robust method to detect genes producing small RNAs in a phased manner. It outputs a descriptive table of all results, useful genome browser tracks, a table describing the results of the hairpin / MIRNA analysis for each cluster, and detailed text-based alignments of all MIRNAs and hairpin-associated clusters. It can also be run in ''count'' mode, to quantify a set of input loci with genomic coordinates determined a priori by the user. ShortStack is a perl program. Besides perl, ShortStack also requires samtools and the RNALfold and RNAeval programs from the Vienna RNA Package to execute. When used to control the alignment of small RNA data to a reference genome, ShortStack also requires bowtie and bowtie-build. Finally, for optimal results, ShortStack uses a file of inverted repeats produced by the EMBOSS application einverted.
View all literature mentionsA read summarization program, which counts mapped reads for the genomic features such as genes and exons.
View all literature mentionsAn Antibody supplier; Dako was purchased by Agilent in 2012 and several years later the websites began to reflect the Dako products as part of the Agilent catalog.
View all literature mentionsSoftware for image processing, analysis, and editing. The software includes features such as touch capabilities, a customizable toolbar, 2D and 3D image merging, and Cloud access and options.
View all literature mentionsCell line ARPE-19 is a Spontaneously immortalized cell line with a species of origin Homo sapiens (Human)
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