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In this study, structural analysis of grass carp prolactin (PRL) gene was performed and the signaling mechanisms for pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP) regulation of PRL promoter activity were investigated. In αT3-1 cells, PRL promoter activity could be induced by oPACAP38 which was blocked by PACAP antagonist but not the VIP antagonist. The stimulatory effect of oPACAP38 was mimicked by activation of AC/cAMP and voltage-sensitive Ca2+ channel (VSCC) signaling, or induction of Ca2+ entry. In parallel, PACAP-induced PRL promoter activity was negated or inhibited by suppressing cAMP production, inhibiting PKA activity, removal of extracellular Ca2+, VSCC blockade, calmodulin (CaM) antagonism, and inactivation of CaM kinase II. Similar sensitivity to L-type VSCC, CaM and CaM kinase II inhibition were also observed by substituting cAMP analog for oPACAP38 as the stimulant for PRL promoter activity. Moreover, PACAP-induced PRL promoter activity was also blocked by inhibition of PLC signaling, attenuation of [Ca2+]i immobilization via IP3 receptors, and blockade of PI3K/P70S6K pathway. The PACAP-induced PRL promoter activation may involve transactivation of the transcription factor CREB. These results suggest that PACAP can stimulate PRL promoter activation by PAC1 mediated functional coupling of the Ca2+/CaM/CaM kinase II cascades with the AC/cAMP/PKA pathway. Apparently, other signaling pathways, including PLC/IP3 and PI3K/P70S6K cascades, may also be involved in PACAP induction of PRL gene transcription.
Pubmed ID: 29545542
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NIH genetic sequence database that provides annotated collection of all publicly available DNA sequences for almost 280 000 formally described species (Jan 2014) .These sequences are obtained primarily through submissions from individual laboratories and batch submissions from large-scale sequencing projects, including whole-genome shotgun (WGS) and environmental sampling projects. Most submissions are made using web-based BankIt or standalone Sequin programs, and GenBank staff assigns accession numbers upon data receipt. It is part of International Nucleotide Sequence Database Collaboration and daily data exchange with European Nucleotide Archive (ENA) and DNA Data Bank of Japan (DDBJ) ensures worldwide coverage. GenBank is accessible through NCBI Entrez retrieval system, which integrates data from major DNA and protein sequence databases along with taxonomy, genome, mapping, protein structure and domain information, and biomedical journal literature via PubMed. BLAST provides sequence similarity searches of GenBank and other sequence databases. Complete bimonthly releases and daily updates of GenBank database are available by FTP.
View all literature mentionsCommercial instrument and chemical vendor. Developer and manufacturer of specialized technological products for life science research and clinical diagnostics markets.
View all literature mentionsTHIS RESOURCE IS NO LONGER IN SERVICE, documented on February 1st, 2022. Software application for genetic analysis of classical biometric traits like blood pressure or height that are caused by a combination of polygenic inheritance and complex environmental forces. (entry from Genetic Analysis Software)
View all literature mentionsTESS is a web tool for predicting transcription factor binding sites in DNA sequences. It can identify binding sites using site or consensus strings and positional weight matrices from the TRANSFAC, JASPAR, IMD, and our CBIL-GibbsMat database. You can use TESS to search a few of your own sequences or for user-defined CRMs genome-wide near genes throughout genomes of interest. Search for CRMs Genome-wide: TESS now has the ability to search whole genomes for user defined CRMs. Try a search in the AnGEL CRM Searches section of the navigation bar.. You can search for combinations of consensus site sequences and/or PWMs from TRANSFAC or JASPAR. Search DNA for Binding Sites: TESS also lets you search through your own sequence for TFBS. You can include your own site or consensus strings and/or weight matrices in the search. Use the Combined Search under ''Site Searches'' in the menu or use the box for a quick search. TESS assigns a TESS job number to all sequence search jobs. The job results are stored on our server for a period of time specified in the search submit form. During this time you may recall the search results using the form on this page. TESS can also email results to you as a tab-delimited file suitable for loading into a spreadsheet program. Query for Transcription Factor Info: TESS also has data browsing and querying capabilities to help you learn about the factors that were predicted to bind to your sequence. Use the Query TRANSFAC or Query Matrices links above or use the search interface provided from the home page.
View all literature mentionsSoftware application that provides sequence editing, primer design, internet database searching, protein analysis, sequence confirmation, multiple sequence alignment, phylogenetic reconstruction, coding region analysis, agarose gel simulation and a variety of other functions.
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