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More than a hundred protein-coding genes are controlled by genomic imprinting in humans. These atypical genes are organized in chromosomal domains, each of which is controlled by a differentially methylated "imprinting control region" (ICR). How ICRs mediate the parental allele-specific expression of close-by genes is now becoming understood. At several imprinted domains, this epigenetic mechanism involves the action of long non-coding RNAs. It is less well appreciated that imprinted gene domains also transcribe hundreds of microRNA and small nucleolar RNA genes and that these represent the densest clusters of small RNA genes in mammalian genomes. The evolutionary reasons for this remarkable enrichment of small regulatory RNAs at imprinted domains remain unclear. However, recent studies show that imprinted small RNAs modulate specific functions in development and metabolism and also are frequently perturbed in cancer. Here, we review our current understanding of imprinted small RNAs in the human genome and discuss how perturbation of their expression contributes to disease.
Pubmed ID: 23154539
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This is a database of human C/D box and H/ACA modification guide RNAs. Information on a particular snoRNA can be accessed by three ways: 1- On the Search page, just type the name of the snoRNA (for example ACA17) in the Id window. 2- The Find guide RNA contains the sequences of the human ribosomal rRNAs 28S, 18S and 5.8S, and of the snRNAs U1, U2, U4, U5 and U6, with the positions of modified (2''O-ribose methylated or pseudo-uridinylated) nucleotides, and the identity of the corresponding modification guide RNAs. You can click on the name of the relevant snoRNA. 3- By utilizing the link to the UCSC Human Genome Browser.
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