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Plant breeding has been very successful in developing improved varieties using conventional tools and methodologies. Nowadays, the availability of genomic tools and resources is leading to a new revolution of plant breeding, as they facilitate the study of the genotype and its relationship with the phenotype, in particular for complex traits. Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) technologies are allowing the mass sequencing of genomes and transcriptomes, which is producing a vast array of genomic information. The analysis of NGS data by means of bioinformatics developments allows discovering new genes and regulatory sequences and their positions, and makes available large collections of molecular markers. Genome-wide expression studies provide breeders with an understanding of the molecular basis of complex traits. Genomic approaches include TILLING and EcoTILLING, which make possible to screen mutant and germplasm collections for allelic variants in target genes. Re-sequencing of genomes is very useful for the genome-wide discovery of markers amenable for high-throughput genotyping platforms, like SSRs and SNPs, or the construction of high density genetic maps. All these tools and resources facilitate studying the genetic diversity, which is important for germplasm management, enhancement and use. Also, they allow the identification of markers linked to genes and QTLs, using a diversity of techniques like bulked segregant analysis (BSA), fine genetic mapping, or association mapping. These new markers are used for marker assisted selection, including marker assisted backcross selection, 'breeding by design', or new strategies, like genomic selection. In conclusion, advances in genomics are providing breeders with new tools and methodologies that allow a great leap forward in plant breeding, including the 'superdomestication' of crops and the genetic dissection and breeding for complex traits.
Pubmed ID: 23115520
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THIS RESOURCE IS NO LONGER IN SERVICE, documented May 10, 2017. A pilot effort that has developed a centralized, web-based biospecimen locator that presents biospecimens collected and stored at participating Arizona hospitals and biospecimen banks, which are available for acquisition and use by researchers. Researchers may use this site to browse, search and request biospecimens to use in qualified studies. The development of the ABL was guided by the Arizona Biospecimen Consortium (ABC), a consortium of hospitals and medical centers in the Phoenix area, and is now being piloted by this Consortium under the direction of ABRC. You may browse by type (cells, fluid, molecular, tissue) or disease. Common data elements decided by the ABC Standards Committee, based on data elements on the National Cancer Institute''s (NCI''s) Common Biorepository Model (CBM), are displayed. These describe the minimum set of data elements that the NCI determined were most important for a researcher to see about a biospecimen. The ABL currently does not display information on whether or not clinical data is available to accompany the biospecimens. However, a requester has the ability to solicit clinical data in the request. Once a request is approved, the biospecimen provider will contact the requester to discuss the request (and the requester''s questions) before finalizing the invoice and shipment. The ABL is available to the public to browse. In order to request biospecimens from the ABL, the researcher will be required to submit the requested required information. Upon submission of the information, shipment of the requested biospecimen(s) will be dependent on the scientific and institutional review approval. Account required. Registration is open to everyone.. Documented on August 19,2019.The goal of The Gene Index Project is to use the available Expressed Sequence Transcript (EST) and gene sequences, along with the reference genomes wherever available, to provide an inventory of likely genes and their variants and to annotate these with information regarding the functional roles played by these genes and their products. The promise of genome projects has been a complete catalog of genes in a wide range of organisms. While genome projects have been successful in providing reference genome sequences, the problem of finding genes and their variants in genomic sequence remains an ongoing challenge. TGI has created an inventory that contains genes and their variants together with description. In addition, this resource is attempting to use these catalogs to find links between genes and pathways in different species and to provide lists of features within completed genomes that can aid in the understanding of how gene expression is regulated. DATABASES *Eukaryotic Gene Orthologues (formerly known as TOGA - TIGR Orthologous Gene Alignment): Eukaryotic Gene Orthologues (EGO) at DFGI are generated by pair-wise comparison between the Tentative Consensus (TC) sequences that comprise the Dana Farber Gene Indices from individual organisms. The reciprocal pairs of the best match were clustered into individual groups and multiple sequence alignments were displayed for each group. *GeneChip Oncology Database (GCOD):Cancer gene expression database is a collection of publicly available microarray expression data on Affymetrix GeneChip Arrays related to human cancers. Currently only datasets with available raw data (Affymetrix .CEL files) are processed. All processed datasets were subjected to extensive manual curation, uniform processing and consistent quality control. You can browse the experiments in our collection, perform statistical analysis, and download processed data; or to search gene expression profiles using Entrez gene symbol, Unigene ID, or Affymetrix probeset ID. *Gene Indices: As of July 1, 2008, there are 111 publicly available gene indices. They are separated into 4 categories for better organization and easier access. Animal: 41, Plant: 45, Protist: 15, Fungal: 10 *Genomic Maps: Human, mouse, rat, chicken, drosophila melanogaster, zebrafish, mosquito, caenorhabditis elegans, Arabidopsis thaliana, rice, yeast, fission yeast Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (DFCI) Gene Indices Software Tools: *TGI Clustering tools (TGICL): a software system for fast clustering of large EST datasets. *GICL: this package contains the scripts and all the necessary pre-compiled binaries for 32bit Linux systems. *clview: an assembly file viewer. *SeqClean:a script for automated trimming and validation of ESTs or other DNA sequences by screening for various contaminants, low quality and low-complexity sequences. *cdbfasta/cdbyank: fast indexing/retrieval of fasta records from flat file databases. *DAS/XML Genomic Viewer The Genomic viewer borrows modules from http://www.biodas.org (lstein (at) cshl.org) & http://webreference.com.
View all literature mentionsA high performance search engine for gene expression that integrates thousands of manually curated public microarray and RNAseq experiments and nicely visualizes gene expression across different biological contexts (diseases, drugs, tissues, cancers, genotypes, etc.). There are two basic analysis approaches: # for a gene of interest, identify which conditions affect its expression. # for condition(s) of interest, identify which genes are specifically expressed in this/these conditions. Genevestigator builds on the deep integration of data, both at the level of data normalization and on the level of sample annotations. This deep integration allows scientists to ask new types of questions that cannot be addressed using conventional tools.
View all literature mentionsMaintains and provides archival, retrieval and analytical resources for biological information. Central DDBJ resource consists of public, open-access nucleotide sequence databases including raw sequence reads, assembly information and functional annotation. Database content is exchanged with EBI and NCBI within the framework of the International Nucleotide Sequence Database Collaboration (INSDC). In 2011, DDBJ launched two new resources: DDBJ Omics Archive and BioProject. DOR is archival database of functional genomics data generated by microarray and highly parallel new generation sequencers. Data are exchanged between the ArrayExpress at EBI and DOR in the common MAGE-TAB format. BioProject provides organizational framework to access metadata about research projects and data from projects that are deposited into different databases.
View all literature mentionsCollection of data of protein sequence and functional information. Resource for protein sequence and annotation data. Consortium for preservation of the UniProt databases: UniProt Knowledgebase (UniProtKB), UniProt Reference Clusters (UniRef), and UniProt Archive (UniParc), UniProt Proteomes. Collaboration between European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics and Protein Information Resource. Swiss-Prot is a curated subset of UniProtKB.
View all literature mentionsNIH genetic sequence database that provides annotated collection of all publicly available DNA sequences for almost 280 000 formally described species (Jan 2014) .These sequences are obtained primarily through submissions from individual laboratories and batch submissions from large-scale sequencing projects, including whole-genome shotgun (WGS) and environmental sampling projects. Most submissions are made using web-based BankIt or standalone Sequin programs, and GenBank staff assigns accession numbers upon data receipt. It is part of International Nucleotide Sequence Database Collaboration and daily data exchange with European Nucleotide Archive (ENA) and DNA Data Bank of Japan (DDBJ) ensures worldwide coverage. GenBank is accessible through NCBI Entrez retrieval system, which integrates data from major DNA and protein sequence databases along with taxonomy, genome, mapping, protein structure and domain information, and biomedical journal literature via PubMed. BLAST provides sequence similarity searches of GenBank and other sequence databases. Complete bimonthly releases and daily updates of GenBank database are available by FTP.
View all literature mentionsA curated, open-source, integrated data resource for comparative functional genomics in crops and model plant species to facilitate the study of cross-species comparisons using information generated from projects supported by public funds. It currently hosts annotated whole genomes in over two dozen plant species and partial assemblies for almost a dozen wild rice species in the Ensembl browser, genetic and physical maps with genes, ESTs and QTLs locations, genetic diversity data sets, structure-function analysis of proteins, plant pathways databases (BioCyc and Plant Reactome platforms), and descriptions of phenotypic traits and mutations. The web-based displays for phenotypes include the Genes and Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) modules. Sequence based relationships are displayed in the Genomes module using the genome browser adapted from Ensembl, in the Maps module using the comparative map viewer (CMap) from GMOD, and in the Proteins module displays. BLAST is used to search for similar sequences. Literature supporting all the above data is organized in the Literature database. In addition, Gramene now hosts a variety of web services including a Distributed Annotation Server (DAS), BLAST and a public MySQL database. Twice a year, Gramene releases a major build of the database and makes interim releases to correct errors or to make important updates to software and/or data. Additionally you can access Gramene through an FTP site.
View all literature mentionsAn integrative platform for the analysis of transcriptomics, proteomics and genomic data with advanced functional profiling. Version 4 of Babelomics integrates primary (normalization, calls, etc.) and secondary (signatures, predictors, associations, TDTs, clustering, etc.) analysis tools within an environment that allows relating genomic data and/or interpreting them by means of different functional enrichment or gene set methods. Such interpretation is made not only using functional definitions (GO, KEGG, Biocarta, etc.) but also regulatory information (from Transfac, Jaspar, etc.) and other levels of regulation such as miRNA-mediated interference, protein-protein interactions, text-mining module definitions and the possibility of producing de novo annotations through the Blast2GO system . Babelomics has been extensively re-engineered and now it includes the use of web services and Web 2.0 technology features, a new user interface with persistent sessions and a new extended database of gene identifiers. In this release GEPAS and Babelomics have integrated into a unique web application with many new features and improvements: * Data input: import and quality control for the most common microarray formats * Normalization and base calling: for the most common expression, tiling and SNP microarrays (Affymetrix and Agilent). * Transcriptomics: diverse analysis options that include well established as well as novel algorithms for normalization, gene selection, class prediction, clustering and time-series analysis. * Genotyping: stratification analysis, association, TDT. * Functional profiling: functional enrichment and gene set enrichment analysis with functional terms (GO, KEGG, Biocarta, etc.), regulatory (Transfac, Jaspar, miRNAs, etc.), text-mining, derived bioentities, protein-protein interaction analysis. * Integrative analysis: Different variables can be related to each other (e.g. gene expression to gnomic copy number) and the results subjected to functional analysis. Platform: Online tool
View all literature mentionsDatabase of genetic and molecular biology data for the model higher plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Data available includes the complete genome sequence along with gene structure, gene product information, metabolism, gene expression, DNA and seed stocks, genome maps, genetic and physical markers, publications, and information about the Arabidopsis research community. Gene product function data is updated every two weeks from the latest published research literature and community data submissions. Gene structures are updated 1-2 times per year using computational and manual methods as well as community submissions of new and updated genes. TAIR also provides extensive linkouts from data pages to other Arabidopsis resources. The data can be searched, viewed and analyzed. Datasets can also be downloaded. Pages on news, job postings, conference announcements, Arabidopsis lab protocols, and useful links are provided.
View all literature mentionsNon-profit academic organization for research and services in bioinformatics. Provides freely available data from life science experiments, performs basic research in computational biology, and offers user training programme, manages databases of biological data including nucleic acid, protein sequences, and macromolecular structures. Part of EMBL.
View all literature mentionsA clade oriented, community curated database containing genomic, genetic, phenotypic and taxonomic information for plant genomes. Genomic information is presented in a comparative format and tied to important plant model species such as Arabidopsis. SGN provides tools such as: BLAST searches, the SolCyc biochemical pathways database, a CAPS experiment designer, an intron detection tool, an advanced Alignment Analyzer, and a browser for phylogenetic trees. The SGN code and database are developed as an open source project, and is based on database schemas developed by the GMOD project and SGN-specific extensions.
View all literature mentionsPortal to interactively visualize genomic data. Provides reference sequences and working draft assemblies for collection of genomes and access to ENCODE and Neanderthal projects. Includes collection of vertebrate and model organism assemblies and annotations, along with suite of tools for viewing, analyzing and downloading data.
View all literature mentionsSoftware repository for R packages related to analysis and comprehension of high throughput genomic data. Uses separate set of commands for installation of packages. Software project based on R programming language that provides tools for analysis and comprehension of high throughput genomic data.
View all literature mentionsA portal to biomedical and genomic information. NCBI creates public databases, conducts research in computational biology, develops software tools for analyzing genome data, and disseminates biomedical information for the better understanding of molecular processes affecting human health and disease.
View all literature mentionsA comparative platform for green plant genomics. Families of orthologous and paralogous genes that represent the modern descendents of ancestral gene sets are constructed at key phylogenetic nodes. These families allow easy access to clade specific orthology / paralogy relationships as well as clade specific genes and gene expansions. As of release v9.1, Phytozome provides access to forty-one sequenced and annotated green plant genomes which have been clustered into gene families at 20 evolutionarily significant nodes. Where possible, each gene has been annotated with PFAM, KOG, KEGG, and PANTHER assignments, and publicly available annotations from RefSeq, UniProt, TAIR, JGI are hyper-linked and searchable.
View all literature mentionsCollection of data related to crop plant and model organism Zea mays. Used to synthesize, display, and provide access to maize genomics and genetics data, prioritizing mutant and phenotype data and tools, structural and genetic map sets, and gene models and to provide support services to the community of maize researchers. Data stored at MaizeGDB was inherited from the MaizeDB and ZmDB projects. Sequence data are from GenBank. Data are searchable by phenotype, traits, Pests, Gel Pattern, and Mutant Images.
View all literature mentionsInternational collaboration producing an extensive public catalog of human genetic variation, including SNPs and structural variants, and their haplotype contexts, in an effort to provide a foundation for investigating the relationship between genotype and phenotype. The genomes of about 2500 unidentified people from about 25 populations around the world were sequenced using next-generation sequencing technologies. Redundant sequencing on various platforms and by different groups of scientists of the same samples can be compared. The results of the study are freely and publicly accessible to researchers worldwide. The consortium identified the following populations whose DNA will be sequenced: Yoruba in Ibadan, Nigeria; Japanese in Tokyo; Chinese in Beijing; Utah residents with ancestry from northern and western Europe; Luhya in Webuye, Kenya; Maasai in Kinyawa, Kenya; Toscani in Italy; Gujarati Indians in Houston; Chinese in metropolitan Denver; people of Mexican ancestry in Los Angeles; and people of African ancestry in the southwestern United States. The goal Project is to find most genetic variants that have frequencies of at least 1% in the populations studied. Sequencing is still too expensive to deeply sequence the many samples being studied for this project. However, any particular region of the genome generally contains a limited number of haplotypes. Data can be combined across many samples to allow efficient detection of most of the variants in a region. The Project currently plans to sequence each sample to about 4X coverage; at this depth sequencing cannot provide the complete genotype of each sample, but should allow the detection of most variants with frequencies as low as 1%. Combining the data from 2500 samples should allow highly accurate estimation (imputation) of the variants and genotypes for each sample that were not seen directly by the light sequencing. All samples from the 1000 genomes are available as lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) and LCL derived DNA from the Coriell Cell Repository as part of the NHGRI Catalog. The sequence and alignment data generated by the 1000genomes project is made available as quickly as possible via their mirrored ftp sites. ftp://ftp.1000genomes.ebi.ac.uk ftp://ftp-trace.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1000genomes
View all literature mentionsFunctional genomics data repository supporting MIAME-compliant data submissions. Includes microarray-based experiments measuring the abundance of mRNA, genomic DNA, and protein molecules, as well as non-array-based technologies such as serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE) and mass spectrometry proteomic technology. Array- and sequence-based data are accepted. Collection of curated gene expression DataSets, as well as original Series and Platform records. The database can be searched using keywords, organism, DataSet type and authors. DataSet records contain additional resources including cluster tools and differential expression queries.
View all literature mentionsThe UK Crop Plant Bioinformatics Network (UK CropNet) was established in 1996 as part of the BBSRC''s Plant and Animal Genome Analysis special initiative. Our focus is the development, management, and distribution of information relating to comparative mapping and genome research in crop plants. Find out more about our background or read our UK CropNet paper published in Nucleic Acids Research (pdf reader required).This site hosts a wide range of databases and software developed by UK CropNet, as well as hosting many other plant databases developed in the USA. You can perform a keyword text search across all of these databases or use our UK CropNet BLAST server to search against all of the sequences in these databases.
View all literature mentionsAmerican company incorporated that develops, manufactures and markets integrated systems for the analysis of genetic variation and biological function. Provides a line of products and services that serve the sequencing, genotyping and gene expression and proteomics markets. Its headquarters are located in San Diego, California.
View all literature mentionsA computational biology laboratory that builds and redistributes genetic software tools.
View all literature mentionsPortal which provides access to scientific databases and software tools (i.e., resources) in different areas of life sciences including proteomics, genomics, phylogeny, systems biology, population genetics, transcriptomics etc. It contains resources from many different SIB groups as well as external institutions.
View all literature mentionsSoftware tools and databases for plant genomics.
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