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Feedback loops, both positive and negative are embedded in the Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) cascade. In the three layer MAPK cascade, both feedback loops originate from the terminal layer and their sites of action are either of the two upstream layers. Recent studies have shown that the cascade uses coupled positive and negative feedback loops in generating oscillations. Two plausible designs of coupled positive and negative feedback loops can be elucidated from the literature; in one design the positive feedback precedes the negative feedback in the direction of signal flow and vice-versa in another. But it remains unexplored how the two designs contribute towards triggering oscillations in MAPK cascade. Thus it is also not known how amplitude, frequency, robustness or nature (analogous/digital) of the oscillations would be shaped by these two designs.
Pubmed ID: 22694947
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Software application for simulation and analysis of biochemical network models and their dynamics. COPASI supports models in the SBML standard and can simulate their behavior using ODEs or Gillespies stochastic simulation algorithm. Arbitrary discrete events can be included in such simulations. Models in COPASI are based on reactions that convert a set of species into another set of species. Simulation can be performed either with stochastic kinetics or with differential equations. COPASI also includes various methods of analysis and data visualization.
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