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Interferons (IFNs) induce the expression of hundreds of genes as part of an elaborate antimicrobial programme designed to combat infection in all nucleated cells - a process termed cell-autonomous immunity. As described in this Review, recent genomic and subgenomic analyses have begun to assign functional properties to novel IFN-inducible effector proteins that restrict bacteria, protozoa and viruses in different subcellular compartments and at different stages of the pathogen life cycle. Several newly described host defence factors also participate in canonical oxidative and autophagic pathways by spatially coordinating their activities to enhance microbial killing. Together, these IFN-induced effector networks help to confer vertebrate host resistance to a vast and complex microbial world.
Pubmed ID: 22531325
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Interferome is a database that provides identification of interferon regulated gene signatures from high-throughput data sets (i.e. microarray, proteomic data etc.). It will also assist in identifying regulatory elements and enable comparison of tissue expression of IRGs in human and mouse. Availability of sequence information from more than 37 species, together with comprehensive annotation will enable comparative genomics and phylogenetic analysis to be performed on these IRGs. Within the database, Type I, II and III IFN regulated genes have been manually curated from more than 28 publicly available microarray datasets. Interferon Regulated Genes (IRGs) were identified from multiple microarray and proteomic experiments where cells were treated with IFNs. Genes that were up or down regulated more than 1.5 fold relative to control samples were defined as IRGs.
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