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Ruminant farming is important to global food security, but excessive proteolysis in the rumen causes inefficient use of nitrogenous plant constituents and environmental pollution. While both plant and microbial proteases contribute to ruminal proteolysis, little is known about post-ingestion regulation of plant proteases except that activity in the first few hours after ingestion of fresh forage can result in significant degradation of foliar protein. As the signal salicylic acid (SA) influences cell death during both biotic and abiotic stresses, Arabidopsis wild-type and mutants were used to test the effect of SA on proteolysis induced by rumen conditions (39 °C and anaerobic in a neutral pH). In leaves of Col-0, SA accumulation was induced by exposure to a rumen microbial inoculum. Use of Arabidopsis mutants with altered endogenous SA concentrations revealed a clear correlation with the rate of stress-induced proteolysis; rapid proteolysis occurred in leaves of SA-accumulating mutants cpr5-1 and dnd1-1 whereas there was little or no proteolysis in sid2-1 which is unable to synthesize SA. Reduced proteolysis in npr1-1 (Non-expressor of Pathogenesis Related genes) demonstrated a dependence on SA signalling. Slowed proteolysis in sid2-1 and npr1-1 was associated with the absence of a 34.6 kDa cysteine protease. These data suggest that proteolysis in leaves ingested by ruminants is modulated by SA. It is therefore suggested that influencing SA effects in planta could enable the development of forage crops with lower environmental impact and increased production potential.
Pubmed ID: 22378947
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NASCArrays is the Nottingham Arabidopsis Stock Centre''s microarray database. Currently most of the data is for Arabidopsis thaliana experiments run by the NASC Affymetrix Facility. There are also experiments from other species, and experiments run by other centres too. NASCArrays is an Affymetrix microarray database. It contains free Affymetrix microarray data, and also features a series of tools allowing you to query that data in powerful ways. Most of the data currently comes from NASC''s Affymetrix Service. It also includes data from other sources, notably the AtGenExpress project. They currently distribute over 30,000 tubes of seed a year. There are currently the following data mining tools available. All of these tools allow you to type in a gene(s) of interest, and identify experiments or slides that you might be interested in: -Spot History: This tool allows you to see the pattern of gene expression over all slides in the database. Easily identify slides (and therefore experimental treatments) where genes are highly, lowly, or unusually expressed -Two gene scatter plot: This tool allows you to see the pattern of gene expression over all slides for two genes as a scatter plot. If you are interested in two genes, you can find out if they act in tandem, and highlight slides (and therefore experimental conditions) where these two genes behave in an unusual manner. -Gene Swinger: If you have a gene of interest, this tool will show you which experiment the gene expression varied most -Bulk Gene Download: This tool allows you to download the expression of a list of genes over all experiments. You can get all genes over all experiments (the entire database!) from the Super Bulk Gene Download Sponsors: This is a BBSRC funded consortium to provide services to the Arabidopsis community.
View all literature mentionsNational and international arabidopsis germplasm resource.Stores over million genotypes in physical stocks servicing worldwide Arabidopsis community in more than 50 countries. Stocks are provided under identical cost recovery conditions to academic and commercial researchers. Non-transgenic stocks are sent gratis to K-17 institutions and in special cases. Provides seed and information resources to International Arabidopsis Genome Programme and research community. Maintains accessions of Arabidopsis thaliana (and small number of other related species), including Characterized lines, Mapping populations, and Insertion lines. You may browse or search catalog.
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