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DNA methylation is an important epigenetic mark established by the combined actions of methylation and demethylation reactions. Plants use a base excision repair pathway for active DNA demethylation. After 5-methylcytosine removal, the Arabidopsis DNA glycosylase/lyase ROS1 incises the DNA backbone and part of the product has a single-nucleotide gap flanked by 3'- and 5'-phosphate termini. Here we show that the DNA phosphatase ZDP removes the blocking 3' phosphate, allowing subsequent DNA polymerization and ligation steps needed to complete the repair reactions. ZDP and ROS1 interact in vitro and colocalize in vivo in nucleoplasmic foci. Extracts from zdp mutant plants are unable to complete DNA demethylation in vitro, and the mutations cause DNA hypermethylation and transcriptional silencing of a reporter gene. Genome-wide methylation analysis in zdp mutant plants identified hundreds of hypermethylated endogenous loci. Our results show that ZDP functions downstream of ROS1 in one branch of the active DNA demethylation pathway.
Pubmed ID: 22325353
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Database of genetic and molecular biology data for the model higher plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Data available includes the complete genome sequence along with gene structure, gene product information, metabolism, gene expression, DNA and seed stocks, genome maps, genetic and physical markers, publications, and information about the Arabidopsis research community. Gene product function data is updated every two weeks from the latest published research literature and community data submissions. Gene structures are updated 1-2 times per year using computational and manual methods as well as community submissions of new and updated genes. TAIR also provides extensive linkouts from data pages to other Arabidopsis resources. The data can be searched, viewed and analyzed. Datasets can also be downloaded. Pages on news, job postings, conference announcements, Arabidopsis lab protocols, and useful links are provided.
View all literature mentionsRoche NimbleGen, Inc. is a leading innovator, manufacturer and supplier of a proprietary suite of DNA microarrays, consumables, instruments and services. Roche NimbleGen uniquely produces high-density arrays of long oligo probes that provide greater information content and higher data quality necessary for studying the full diversity of genomic and epigenomic variation. Roche NimbleGen is enabling a new era of High-Definition Genomics by providing scientists with cost-effective, high-throughput tools for extracting and integrating complex data on important forms of genomic and epigenomic variation not previously accessible on a genome-wide scale. Scientists can thus obtain a clearer understanding of genomic and epigenomic structure and function and how they impact biology and medicine. This improved performance is made possible by Roche NimbleGen''s proprietary Maskless Array Synthesis (MAS) technology, which uses digital light processing and rapid, high-yield photochemistry to synthesize long oligo, high-density DNA microarrays with extreme flexibility. NimbleGen Systems was established in 1999. The MAS technology is the result of research collaborations between the departments of biotechnology, genetics, physics, and semiconductor engineering at the University of Wisconsin - Madison. Roche NimbleGen has the exclusive worldwide license to the MAS technology from the Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation (WARF).
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