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Neuroimaging studies have consistently shown functional brain abnormalities in patients with Bipolar Disorder (BD) and Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). However, the extent to which these two disorders are associated with similar or distinct neural changes remains unclear. We conducted a systematic review of functional magnetic resonance imaging studies comparing BD and MDD patients to healthy participants using facial affect processing paradigms. Relevant spatial coordinates from twenty original studies were subjected to quantitative Activation Likelihood Estimation meta-analyses based on 168 BD and 189 MDD patients and 344 healthy controls. We identified common and distinct patterns of neural engagement for BD and MDD within the facial affect processing network. Both disorders were associated with increased engagement of limbic regions. Diagnosis-specific differences were observed in cortical, thalamic and striatal regions. Decreased ventrolateral prefrontal cortical engagement was associated with BD while relative hypoactivation of the sensorimotor cortices was seen in MDD. Increased responsiveness in the thalamus and basal ganglia were associated with BD. These findings were modulated by stimulus valence. These data suggest that whereas limbic overactivation is reported consistently in patients with mood disorders, future research should consider the relevance of a wider network of regions in formulating conceptual models of BD and MDD.
Pubmed ID: 21820878
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A community database of published functional and structural neuroimaging experiments with both metadata descriptions of experimental design and activation locations in the form of stereotactic coordinates (x,y,z) in Talairach or MNI space. BrainMap provides not only data for meta-analyses and data mining, but also distributes software and concepts for quantitative integration of neuroimaging data. The goal of BrainMap is to develop software and tools to share neuroimaging results and enable meta-analysis of studies of human brain function and structure in healthy and diseased subjects. It is a tool to rapidly retrieve and understand studies in specific research domains, such as language, memory, attention, reasoning, emotion, and perception, and to perform meta-analyses of like studies. Brainmap contains the following software: # Sleuth: database searches and Talairach coordinate plotting (this application requires a username and password) # GingerALE: performs meta-analyses via the activation likelihood estimation (ALE) method; also converts coordinates between MNI and Talairach spaces using icbm2tal # Scribe: database entry of published functional neuroimaging papers with coordinate results
View all literature mentionsA viewer for medical research images that provides analysis tools and a user interface to navigate image volumes. There are three versions of Mango, each geared for a different platform: * Mango ? Desktop ? Mac OS X, Windows, and Linux * webMango ? Browser ? Safari, Firefox, Chrome, and Internet Explorer * iMango ? Mobile ? Apple iPad Key Features: * Built-in support for DICOM, NIFTI, Analyze, and NEMA-DES formats * Customizable: Create plugins, custom filters, color tables, file formats, and atlases * ROI Editing: Threshold and component-based tools for painting and tracing ROIs * Surface Rendering: Interactive surface models supporting cut planes and overlays * Image Registration: Semi-automatic image coregistration and manual transform editing * Image Stacking: Threshold and transparency-based image overlay stacking * Analysis: Histogram, cross-section, time-series analysis, image and ROI statistics * Processing: Kernel and rank filtering, arithmetic/logic image and ROI calculators
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