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Parkinson's disease (PD), the most common progressive neurodegenerative movement disorder, results from loss of dopaminergic neurons of substantia nigra pars compacta. These neurons exhibit Cav1.3 channel-dependent pacemaking activity. Epidemiological studies suggest reduced risk for PD in population under long-term antihypertensive therapy with L-type calcium channel antagonists. These prompted us to investigate nimodipine, an L-type calcium channel blocker for neuroprotective effect in cellular and animal models of PD. Nimodipine (0.1-10 μM) significantly attenuated 1-methyl-4-phenyl pyridinium ion-induced loss in mitochondrial morphology, mitochondrial membrane potential and increases in intracellular calcium levels in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cell line as measured respectively employing Mitotracker green staining, TMRM, and Fura-2 fluorescence, but only a feeble neuroprotective effect was observed in MTT assay. Nimodipine dose-dependently reduced 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced parkinsonian syndromes (akinesia and catalepsy) and loss in swimming ability in Balb/c mice. It attenuated MPTP-induced loss of dopaminergic tyrosine hydroxylase positive neurons in substantia nigra, improved mitochondrial oxygen consumption and inhibited reactive oxygen species production in the striatal mitochondria measured using dichlorodihydrofluorescein fluorescence, but failed to block striatal dopamine depletion. These results point to an involvement of L-type calcium channels in MPTP-induced dopaminergic neuronal death in experimental parkinsonism and more importantly provide evidences for nimodipine to improve mitochondrial integrity and function.
Theobjective of the present study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of aqueous extract of Mirabilis jalapa Linn. (MJL)(Nyctaginaceae) leaves for scientific validation of the folklore claim of the plant. The leaves are used as traditional folk medicine in the south of Brazil to treat inflammatory and painful diseases. Cosmetic or dermo-pharmaceutical compositions containing MJL are claimed to be useful against inflammation and dry skin.
Huntington's disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by progressive motor and non-motor dysfunction due to degeneration of medium spiny neurons in striatum. 3-Nitropropionic acid is commonly used to induce the animal model of HD. Rice bran is supposed to have beneficial effects on mitochondrial function. The present study has been designed to explore the effect of rice bran extract against 3-Nitropropionic acid induced neurotoxicity in rats. 3-Nitropropionic acid (10 mg/kg, i.p) was administered systemically for 21 days. Hexane and ethanol extract of rice bran were prepared using Soxhlation. Hexane (250 mg/kg) and ethanol extract (250 mg/kg) were administered per os for 21 days in 3-NP treated groups. Behavioral parameters (body weight, grip strength, motor coordination, locomotion) were conducted on 7th, 14th and 21st day. Animals were sacrificed on 22nd day for biochemical, mitochondrial dysfunction (Complex II), neuroinflammatory and neurochemical estimation in striatum. This study demonstrates significant alteration in behavioral parameters, oxidative burden (increased lipid peroxidation, nitrite concentration and decreased glutathione), mitochondrial function (decreased Complex II enzyme activity), pro-inflammatory mediators and neurochemical levels in 3-nitropropionic acid treated animals. Administration of hexane and ethanol extract prevented the behavioral, biochemical, neuroinflammatory (increased TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6) and neurochemical alterations (decreased dopamine, norepinephrine, serotonin, 5-hydroxy indole acetic acid, GABA and increased 3,4-dihydro phenyl acetaldehyde, homovanillic acid and glutamate levels) induced by 3-nitropropionic acid. The outcomes of present study suggest that rice bran extract is beneficial and might emerge as an adjuvant or prophylactic therapy for treatment of HD like symptoms.
Stromal vascular fraction (SVF) can easily be obtained from a mini-lipoaspirate procedure of fat tissue and platelet rich plasma (PRP) can be obtained from peripheral blood. We evaluated the safety and preliminary efficacy of administering SVF and PRP intra-articularly into patients with osteoarthritis grade 1 and 2.
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