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Patients with many types of malignancy commonly harbor quiescent disseminated tumor cells in bone marrow. These cells frequently resist chemotherapy and may persist for years before proliferating as recurrent metastases. To test for compounds that eliminate quiescent cancer cells, we established a new 384-well 3D spheroid model in which small numbers of cancer cells reversibly arrest in G1/G0 phase of the cell cycle when cultured with bone marrow stromal cells. Using dual-color bioluminescence imaging to selectively quantify viability of cancer and stromal cells in the same spheroid, we identified single compounds and combination treatments that preferentially eliminated quiescent breast cancer cells but not stromal cells. A treatment combination effective against malignant cells in spheroids also eliminated breast cancer cells from bone marrow in a mouse xenograft model. This research establishes a novel screening platform for therapies that selectively target quiescent tumor cells, facilitating identification of new drugs to prevent recurrent cancer.
ADAM17 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 17)/TACE (TNFα converting enzyme) has emerged as a potential therapeutic target in colorectal cancer (CRC) and other cancers, due in part to its role in regulating various tumor cell surface proteins and growth factors and cytokines in the tumor microenvironment. The emergence of MEDI3622, a highly potent and specific antibody-based ADAM17 inhibitor, has allowed testing of the concept that targeting ADAM17 may be an important new therapeutic approach for CRC patients. We demonstrate that MEDI3622 is highly efficacious on tumor growth in multiple human CRC PDX models, resulting in improved survival of animals bearing tumor xenografts. MEDI3622 was further found to impact Notch pathway activity and tumor-initiating cells. The promising preclinical activity seen here supports further clinical investigation of this treatment approach to improve therapeutic outcome for patients diagnosed with metastatic CRC, including patients with KRAS-mutant tumors for whom other therapeutic options are currently limited.
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