Partial hepatectomy (PH) promotes the reentry of quiescent hepatocytes into cell cycle for regrowth. miRNA profiles in livers with different mass deficits after PH have not been investigated and miRNAs implicated in liver regeneration remain unclear. We generated miRNA profiles from normal and remnant livers at 6, 12, 24, and 36 hours after 1/3 or 2/3PH using microarrays. Compared with normal livers, the proportion of altered miRNAs decreased with time after 1/3PH, but increased after 2/3PH. Most of altered miRNAs between 1/3 and 2/3PH exhibited similar up- or down-regulation, but lower expression magnitude for 1/3PH. Among differentially expressed miRNAs between 2/3PH with robust DNA replication and 1/3PH with a minimal replicative response, we identified miR-101a, miR-92a, miR-25, miR-93 and miR-106b as key regulators of cell cycle. In 2/3PH model, overexpression of miR-106b~25 cluster tended to accelerate liver regeneration, while inhibition of miR-106b~25 cluster markedly repressed regenerative response and delayed recovery of liver function. Mechanistically, RB1 and KAT2B with cell cycle arrest activity were identified as novel targets of miR-106b/93 and miR-25, respectively. Overall, we featured miRNA profiles and dynamics after 1/3 and 2/3PH, and identified miR-106b~25 cluster as being involved in timely cell cycle entry of hepatocytes after PH.

Calcium is not only a nutrient necessary for plant growth but also a ubiquitous central element of different signaling pathways. Ca2+ deficiency in soil may cause embryo abortion, which can eventually lead to abnormal development of peanut pods during the harvest season. To further study the mechanisms by which Ca2+ affects the shells and kernels of peanuts, transcriptome sequencing was used to explore the genes differentially expressed in shells and kernels during the early stage of peanut pod development between Ca2+ sufficient and deficient treatments. In this study, 38,894 expressed genes were detected. RNA-seq based gene expression profiling showed a large number of genes at the transcriptional level that changed significantly in shells and kernels between the Ca2+ sufficient and deficient treatments, respectively. Genes encoding key proteins involved in Ca2+ signal transduction, hormones, development, ion transport, and nutrition absorption changed significantly. Meanwhile, in the early stage of pod development, calcium first promoted nutrient absorption and development of shells, which has less effect on the formation of seed kernels. These results provide useful information for understanding the relationship between Ca2+ absorption and pod development.