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Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is an essential omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid implicated in cognitive functions by promoting synaptic protein expression. While alterations of specific DHA-containing phospholipids have been described in the neocortex of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), the status of these lipids in dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), known to manifest aggregated α-synuclein-containing Lewy bodies together with variable amyloid pathology, is unclear. In this study, post-mortem samples from the parietal cortex of 25 DLB patients and 17 age-matched controls were processed for phospholipidomics analyses using a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) platform. After controlling for false discovery rate, six out of the 46 identified putative DHA-phospholipid species were significantly decreased in DLB, with only one showing increase. Altered putative DHA-phospholipid species were subsequently validated with further LC-MS/MS measurements. Of the DHA-containing phospholipid (DCP) species showing decreases, five negatively correlated with soluble beta-amyloid (Aβ42) levels, whilst three also correlated with phosphorylated α-synuclein (all p < 0.05). Furthermore, five of these phospholipid species correlated with deficits of presynaptic Rab3A, postsynaptic neurogranin, or both (all p < 0.05). Finally, we found altered immunoreactivities of brain lysolipid DHA transporter, MFSD2A, and the fatty acid binding protein FABP5 in DLB parietal cortex. In summary, we report alterations of specific DCP species in DLB, as well as their associations with markers of neuropathological burden and synaptopathology. These results support the potential role of DHA perturbations in DLB as well as therapeutic targets.
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