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Animals must integrate sensory cues with their current behavioral context to generate a suitable response. How this integration occurs is poorly understood. Previously, we developed high-throughput methods to probe neural activity in populations of Caenorhabditis elegans and discovered that the animal's mechanosensory processing is rapidly modulated by the animal's locomotion. Specifically, we found that when the worm turns it suppresses its mechanosensory-evoked reversal response. Here, we report that C. elegans use inhibitory feedback from turning-associated neurons to provide this rapid modulation of mechanosensory processing. By performing high-throughput optogenetic perturbations triggered on behavior, we show that turning-associated neurons SAA, RIV, and/or SMB suppress mechanosensory-evoked reversals during turns. We find that activation of the gentle-touch mechanosensory neurons or of any of the interneurons AIZ, RIM, AIB, and AVE during a turn is less likely to evoke a reversal than activation during forward movement. Inhibiting neurons SAA, RIV, and SMB during a turn restores the likelihood with which mechanosensory activation evokes reversals. Separately, activation of premotor interneuron AVA evokes reversals regardless of whether the animal is turning or moving forward. We therefore propose that inhibitory signals from SAA, RIV, and/or SMB gate mechanosensory signals upstream of neuron AVA. We conclude that C. elegans rely on inhibitory feedback from the motor circuit to modulate its response to sensory stimuli on fast timescales. This need for motor signals in sensory processing may explain the ubiquity in many organisms of motor-related neural activity patterns seen across the brain, including in sensory processing areas.
Pubmed ID: 37733772
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The Simons Foundation is a private foundation based in New York City, incorporated in 1994 by Jim and Marilyn Simons. The Simons Foundation''s mission is to advance the frontiers of research in mathematics and the basic sciences. We sponsor a range of programs that aim to promote a deeper understanding of our world. The primary focus of the foundation''s Mathematics & the Physical Sciences (MPS) program is on the theoretical sciences radiating from mathematics: in particular, the fields of mathematics, theoretical computer science and theoretical physics. Although we have supported basic research in mathematics and physics for years at institutions around the globe, the mode of our support entered an important new phase in fall 2009 with the introduction of grant opportunities with open application procedures. It is intended that this will become our primary mode of operation. In 2010, the MPS program issued its first requests for grant applications. These requests offered grants to establish post-doctoral fellowships, grants to promote collaboration between researchers, grants to create professorships that combine mathematics with other fields, and a grant to endow an institute for theoretical computer science. Other projects are under way, including the Africa Mathematics Project, intended to bolster mathematics scholarship on the African continent, and an oral history project: a series of interviews with renowned mathematicians and scientists which will be made available to the public for viewing. The Simons Foundation''s initial support of life sciences work has tended to focus on research that promotes synergy between biology and mathematics. Such projects have included quantitative biology programs at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, the Institut des Hautes ��tudes Scientifiques, the Institute for Advanced Study, and The Rockefeller University. The Life Sciences program is expected to expand in scope over the next two to three years. To date, the Simons Foundation''s single largest initiative has been in autism research. The Simons Foundation Autism Research Initiative (SFARI) program seeks to improve the diagnosis and treatment of autism spectrum disorders by funding, catalyzing, and driving innovative research of the greatest quality and relevance. In 2007, SFARI issued its first Request for Applications, its goal being to attract the best researchers to the field. In the years since, SFARI has given grants to 150 investigators in the United States and abroad. Additionally, to facilitate the field as a whole, SFARI has created the Simons Simplex Collection of extensive genetic and phenotypic data from almost 3,000 families with a child affected by autism. Although SFARI''s immediate priority is to benefit individuals challenged by autism spectrum disorders, the program''s research is expected to yield insights into the neural mechanisms of fundamental human capabilities, complementing the mission of the Simons Foundation to advance research in the basic sciences and mathematics.
View all literature mentionsAn independent federal agency created by Congress to promote the progress of science; to advance the national health, prosperity, and welfare; to secure the national defense They are the funding source for approximately 20 percent of all federally supported basic research conducted by America''s colleges and universities. In many fields such as mathematics, computer science and the social sciences, NSF is the major source of federal backing. NSF leadership has two major components: a director who oversees NSF staff and management responsible for program creation and administration, merit review, planning, budget and day-to-day operations; and a 24-member National Science Board (NSB) of eminent individuals that meets six times a year to establish the overall policies of the foundation.The director and all Board members serve six year terms. Each of them, as well as the NSF deputy director, is appointed by the President of the United States and confirmed by the U.S. Senate. At present, NSF has a total workforce of about 2,100 at its Arlington, Va., headquarters, including approximately 1,400 career employees, 200 scientists from research institutions on temporary duty, 450 contract workers and the staff of the NSB office and the Office of the Inspector General. NSF is the only federal agency whose mission includes support for all fields of fundamental science and engineering, except for medical sciences. They are tasked with keeping the United States at the leading edge of discovery in areas from astronomy to geology to zoology. So, in addition to funding research in the traditional academic areas, the agency also supports high-risk, high pay-off ideas, novel collaborations and numerous projects that may seem like science fiction today, but which the public will take for granted tomorrow. And in every case, they ensure that research is fully integrated with education so that today''s revolutionary work will also be training tomorrow''s top scientists and engineers NSF''s task of identifying and funding work at the frontiers of science and engineering is not a top-down process.
View all literature mentionsNational institute whose mission is to reduce the burden of neurological disease - a burden borne by every age group, by every segment of society, by people all over the world. To accomplish this goal the NINDS supports and conducts basic, translational, and clinical research on the normal and diseased nervous system. The Institute also fosters the training of investigators in the basic and clinical neurosciences, and seeks better understanding, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of neurological disorders. NINDS: * Conducts, fosters, coordinates, and guides research on the causes, prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of neurological disorders and stroke, and supports basic research in related scientific areas. * Provides grants-in-aid to public and private institutions and individuals in fields related to its areas of interest, including research project, program project, and research center grants. * Operates a program of contracts for the funding of research and research support efforts in selected areas of institute need. * Provides individual and institutional fellowships to increase scientific expertise in neurological fields. * Conducts a diversified program of intramural and collaborative research in its own laboratories, branches, and clinics. * Collects and disseminates research information related to neurological disorders.
View all literature mentionsCenter that acquires, maintains, and distributes genetic stocks and information about stocks of the small free-living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans for use by investigators initiating or continuing research on this genetic model organism. A searchable strain database, general information about C. elegans, and links to key Web sites of use to scientists, including WormBase, WormAtlas, and WormBook are available.
View all literature mentionsCaenorhabditis elegans with name wtfIs46. from WB.
View all literature mentionsCaenorhabditis elegans with name Caenorhabditis elegans wild isolate. from WB.
View all literature mentionsCaenorhabditis elegans with name lite-1(ce314) X. from WB.
View all literature mentionsCaenorhabditis elegans with name EMPTY from WB.
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