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Total 959151 Results
| Label | Description | ILX | Version | Created CID | Modified Time | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pallid Bat | ILX:0108382 | 5 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | 06/18/2018 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | term | 12/09/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex | |
| Pallidotegmental fasciculus | 'Pallidotegmental fasciculus' is a tract of brain. It is part of the midbrain tegmentum. | ILX:0108383 | 12 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | 01/17/2023 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | term | 12/09/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex |
| Pallidum caudal region of ABA 2009 | ILX:0108384 | 3 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | 06/18/2018 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | term | 12/09/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex | |
| Pallidum dorsal region of ABA 2009 | ILX:0108385 | 3 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | 06/18/2018 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | term | 12/09/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex | |
| Pallidum medial region of ABA 2009 | ILX:0108386 | 3 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | 06/18/2018 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | term | 12/09/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex | |
| Pallidum of ABA 2009 | ILX:0108387 | 3 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | 06/18/2018 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | term | 12/09/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex | |
| Pallidum of CIVM postnatal rat brain atlas | The pallidum is fairly easy to segment on coronal diffusion-weighted images (DWI). The entire medial border of the globus pallidus is defined by the internal capsule, which appears as a dark (high diffusivity) vertical band. The entire lateral border is with the caudate/putamen. This border is somewhat more subtle and may be indistinguishable on T2 MRI. On DWI, the pallidum is somewhat darker (higher diffusivity) than the caudate/putamen and is more densely striated. By narrowing the contrast window, this difference can be accentuated enough to make the border apparent. The ventral pallidum is also quite easy to segment on DWI. It appears as a dark horizontal band just ventral to the pale, circular accumbens nucleus and dorsal to the very bright olfactory tubercle. Caudal to the posterior limbs of the anterior commissure, the ventral pallidum moves dorsal and merges with the globus pallidus. | ILX:0108388 | 3 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | 06/18/2018 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | term | 12/09/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex |
| Pallidum ventral region of ABA 2009 | ILX:0108389 | 3 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | 06/18/2018 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | term | 12/09/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex | |
| Pallium | The commonly used synonym of the cerebral cortex. Used first by Burdach for macrodissected adult humans (1822), and by many others since, including His (1895), and Nauta & Feirtag (1986). In Latin pallium means a mantle, cloak, or blanket | ILX:0108390 | 6 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | 01/17/2023 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | term | 12/09/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex |
| Pallium of CIVM postnatal rat brain atlas | The pallium is a superparcellation consisting of the hippocampal formation, the isocortex and the olfactory structures. | ILX:0108391 | 3 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | 06/18/2018 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | term | 12/09/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex |
| Palonosetron | Palonosetron (INN, trade name Aloxi) is a 5-HT3 antagonist used in the prevention and treatment of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV). It is the most effective of the 5-HT3 antagonists in controlling delayed CINV nausea and vomiting that appear more than 24 hours after the first dose of a course of chemotherapy and is the only drug of its class approved for this use by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. As of 2007, it is the most recent 5-HT3 antagonist to enter clinical use. (Wikipedia) Pharmacology: Palonosetron is an antinauseant and antiemetic agent indicated for the prevention of nausea and vomiting associated with moderately-emetogenic cancer chemotherapy and for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting. Palonosetron is a highly specific and selective serotonin 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, not shown to have activity at other known serotonin receptors and with low affinity for dopamine receptors. Mechanism of action: Palonosetron is a selective serotonin 5-HT3 receptor antagonist. The serotonin 5-HT3 receptors are located on the nerve terminals of the vagus in the periphery and centrally in the chemoreceptor trigger zone of the area postrema. It is thought that chemotherapeutic agents produce nausea and vomiting by releasing serotonin from the enterochromaffin cells of the small intestine, and that the released serotonin then activates 5-HT3 receptors located on vagal efferents to initiate the vomiting reflex. Therefore Palonosetron works by blocking the reception of serotonin at these 5-HT3 receptors. Drug type: Approved. Investigational. Small Molecule. Drug category: Antiemetics. Serotonin Antagonists | ILX:0108392 | 3 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | 06/18/2018 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | term | 12/09/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex |
| Paludicola | ILX:0108393 | 4 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | 06/18/2018 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | term | 12/09/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex | |
| Pamidronate | Pamidronic acid (INN) or pamidronate disodium (USAN), marketed as pamidronate disodium pentahydrate under the brand name Aredia, is a bisphosphonate. (Wikipedia) Pharmacology: Pamidronate is in a class of drugs called bisphosphonates. Pamidronate reduces breakdown of the bones. Pamidronate is used in the treatment of Paget's disease of bone; to reduce high levels of calcium in the blood associated with malignancy (cancer); and to reduce the breakdown of bone due to metastases of breast cancer or multiple myeloma. Mechanism of action: The mechanism of action of pamidronate is inhibition of bone resorption. Pamidronate adsorbs to calcium phosphate (hydroxyapatite) crystals in bone and may directly block dissolution of this mineral component of bone. In vitro studies also suggest that inhibition of osteoclast activity contributes to inhibition of bone resorption. Pamidronate also targets farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP) synthase. Nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates (such as pamidronate, alendronate, risedronate, ibandronate and zoledronate) appear to act as analogues of isoprenoid diphosphate lipids, thereby inhibiting FPP synthase, an enzyme in the mevalonate pathway. Inhibition of this enzyme in osteoclasts prevents the biosynthesis of isoprenoid lipids (FPP and GGPP) that are essential for the post-translational farnesylation and geranylgeranylation of small GTPase signalling proteins. This activity inhibits osteoclast activity and reduces bone resorption and turnover. In postmenopausal women, it reduces the elevated rate of bone turnover, leading to, on average, a net gain in bone mass. Drug type: Approved. Small Molecule. Drug category: Anti-inflammatory Agents. Antineoplastic Agents. Bisphosphonates. Bone Density Conservation Agents | ILX:0108394 | 4 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | 08/24/2018 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | term | 12/09/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | troy sincomb |
| Pan | ILX:0108395 | 5 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | 06/18/2018 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | term | 12/09/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex | |
| Panarthropoda | ILX:0108396 | 4 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | 06/18/2018 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | term | 12/09/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex | |
| Pancreatic polypeptide | ILX:0108397 | 3 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | 06/18/2018 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | term | 12/09/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex | |
| Pancrelipase | Protein mixture isolated from porcine or bovine pancreas, sometimes called pancreatin. Contains 3 enzymes, amylase, lipase and a protease (chymotrypsin). Pharmacology: Used in the treatment of cystic fibrosis or pancreatic dysfunction, pancrelipase helps improve fat digestion in the small intestine. Specifically, the lipase, protease and amylase components break down fat, protein, and starches, respectively, in the small intestine. Lipase hydrolyzes fats into glycerol and fatty acids. Protease converts proteins into proteoses and derived substances, while amylase converts starches into dextrins and sugars. Pancreatic enzymes are used to correct maldigestion, malabsorption and pain associated with pancreatic insufficiency. The major maldigestion/malabsorption problems arise from incomplete fat digestion. Exogenous pancrelipase reduces the amount of nitrogen and fat excreted in the stool. Mechanism of action: The lipase, protease and amylase components of pancrelipase break down fat, protein, and starches, respectively, in the small intestine. Lipase hydrolyzes fats into glycerol and fatty acids. Protease converts proteins into proteoses and derived substances, while amylase converts starches into dextrins and sugars. Drug type: Approved. Biotech. Investigational. Drug category: Enzyme Replacement Agents | ILX:0108398 | 3 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | 06/18/2018 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | term | 12/09/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex |
| Pancrustacea | ILX:0108399 | 4 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | 06/18/2018 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | term | 12/09/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex | |
| Panic Disorder | A type of anxiety disorder characterized by unexpected panic attacks that last minutes or, rarely, hours. Panic attacks begin with intense apprehension, fear or terror and, often, a feeling of impending doom. Symptoms experienced during a panic attack include dyspnea or sensations of being smothered; dizziness, loss of balance or faintness; choking sensations; palpitations or accelerated heart rate; shakiness; sweating; nausea or other form of abdominal distress; depersonalization or derealization; paresthesias; hot flashes or chills; chest discomfort or pain; fear of dying and fear of not being in control of oneself or going crazy. Agoraphobia may also develop. Similar to other anxiety disorders, it may be inherited as an autosomal dominant trait (MeSH). | ILX:0108400 | 3 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | 06/18/2018 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | term | 12/09/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex |
| Panitumumab | Panitumumab (ABX-EGF) is a fully human monoclonal antibody specific to the EGF receptor. Pharmacology: Panitumumab is a recombinant, human IgG2 kappa monoclonal antibody that binds specifically to the human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR). Overexpression of EGFR is detected in many human cancers, including those of the colon and rectum. When Panitumumab binds to EGFR it competitively inhibits the binding of ligands for EGFR. This results in inhibition of cell growth, induction of apoptosis, decreased pro-inflammatory cytokine and vascular growth factor production. Mechanism of action: Panitumumab binds specifically to EGFR on both normal and tumor cells, and competitively inhibits the binding of ligands for EGFR. Nonclinical studies show that binding of panitumumab to the EGFR prevents ligand-induced receptor autophosphorylation and activation of receptor-associated kinases, resulting in inhibition of cell growth, induction of apoptosis, decreased pro-inflammatory cytokine and vascular growth factor production, and internalization of the EGFR. Drug type: Approved. Biotech. Investigational. Drug category: Antineoplastic Agents | ILX:0108401 | 3 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | 06/18/2018 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | term | 12/09/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex |
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