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Total 959151 Results
| Label | Description | ILX | Version | Created CID | Modified Time | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Memory consolidation | a category of processes that stabilize a memory trace after the initial acquisition. Consolidation is distinguished into two specific processes, synaptic consolidation, which occurs within the first few hours after learning, and system consolidation, where hippocampus-dependent memories become independent of the hippocampus over a period of weeks to years. Recently, a third process has become the focus of research, reconsolidation, in which previously consolidated memories can be made labile again through reactivation of the memory trace. | ILX:0106781 | 4 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | 06/18/2018 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | term | 12/08/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex |
| Memory process | The activities involved in the mental information processing system that receives (registers), modifies, stores, and retrieves informational stimuli. The main stages involved in the formation and retrieval of memory are encoding (processing of received information by acquisition), storage (building a permanent record of received information as a result of consolidation) and retrieval (calling back the stored information and use it in a suitable way to execute a given task). (http://cancerweb.ncl.ac.uk/, http://www.onelook.com/, ISBN 0582227089) (GO) | ILX:0106782 | 3 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | 06/18/2018 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | term | 12/08/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex |
| Memory recall | ILX:0106783 | 3 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | 06/18/2018 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | term | 12/08/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex | |
| Memory retrieval | Retrieve an entry (or part of an entry) from a data resource that matches a supplied query. This might include some primary data and annotation. The query is a data identifier or other indexed term. For example, retrieve a sequence record with the specified accession number, or matching supplied keywords. | ILX:0106784 | 5 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | 06/11/2021 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | term | 12/08/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex |
| Memory span test | No definition submitted yet. | ILX:0106785 | 4 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | 06/18/2018 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | term | 12/08/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex |
| Memory-driven activity | A behavioral activity which when expressed entails the generation and/or use of stored memories (BB:2008-03-13). | ILX:0106786 | 3 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | 06/18/2018 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | term | 12/08/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex |
| Menadione | A synthetic naphthoquinone without the isoprenoid side chain and biological activity, but can be converted to active vitamin K2, menaquinone, after alkylation in vivo. (PubChem) Pharmacology: Menadione (Vitamin K3) is a fat-soluble vitamin precursor that is converted into menaquinone in the liver. Vitamin K1 and K2 are the naturally occurring types of vitamin K. The former, which is also known as phylloquinone, is synthesized by plants and can be found in such foods as spinach, broccoli, lettuce, and soybeans. The latter, sometimes alternatively referred to as menaquinone, is primarily produced by bacteria in the anterior part of the gut and the intestines. Vitamin K3, on the other hand, is one of the many manmade versions of vitamin K. Also called menadione, this yellowish, synthetic crystalline substance is converted into the active form of the K2 vitamin inside of the animal body. While a vitamin K deficiency can be dangerous, especially to infants that may easily suffer from extensive hemorrhaging, an overdose can be as equally detrimental. Newborns that are administered too great a dosage of vitamin K3 can suffer from kernicterus, a form of severe brain damage that may produce decreased movement, loss of appetite, seizures, deafness, mental retardation, and even death. This condition is associated with an abnormally high concentration of bilirubin, a bile pigment, in the tissues of the brain, which can be caused by the presence of K3. For this reason, K3 is less often utilized medically than it was in former times. Mechanism of action: Menadione (vitamin K3) is involved as a cofactor in the posttranslational gamma-carboxylation of glutamic acid residues of certain proteins in the body. These proteins include the vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors II (prothrombin), VII (proconvertin), IX (Christmas factor), X (Stuart factor), protein C, protein S, protein Zv and a growth-arrest-specific factor (Gas6). In contrast to the other vitamin K-dependent proteins in the blood coagulation cascade, protein C and protein X serve anticoagulant roles. The two vitamin K-dependent proteins found in bone are osteocalcin, also known as bone G1a (gamma-carboxyglutamate) protein or BGP, and the matrix G1a protein or MGP. Gamma-carboxylation is catalyzed by the vitamin K-dependent gamma-carboxylases. The reduced form of vitamin K, vitamin K hydroquinone, is the actual cofactor for the gamma-carboxylases. Proteins containing gamma-carboxyglutamate are called G1a proteins. Drug type: Approved. Nutraceutical. Small Molecule. Drug category: Antifibrinolytic Agents. Dietary supplement. Micronutrient. Vitamins. Vitamins/minerals | ILX:0106787 | 3 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | 06/18/2018 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | term | 12/08/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex |
| Meninges Cell | Cell that comprises the meninges | ILX:0106788 | 4 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | 06/18/2018 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | term | 12/08/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex |
| Meningioma | A relatively common neoplasm of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that arises from arachnoidal cells. The majority are well differentiated vascular tumors which grow slowly and have a low potential to be invasive, although malignant subtypes occur. Meningiomas have a predilection to arise from the parasagittal region, cerebral convexity, sphenoidal ridge, olfactory groove, and SPINAL CANAL (MeSH). | ILX:0106789 | 6 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | 01/17/2023 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | term | 12/08/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex |
| Meninx | One of three membranous coverings that surrounds the brain and spinal cord. | ILX:0106790 | 11 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | 06/23/2020 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | term | 12/08/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex |
| Menotropins | Mixture of luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone extracted from the urine of postmeonopausal women. Composed of LH with 2 subunits, alpha | ILX:0106791 | 3 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | 06/18/2018 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | term | 12/08/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex |
| Mental disease | Psychiatric illness or diseases manifested by breakdowns in the adaptational process expressed primarily as abnormalities of thought, feeling, and behavior producing either distress or impairment of function (MeSH). | ILX:0106792 | 7 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | 01/17/2023 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | term | 12/08/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex |
| Mental retardation disorder | ILX:0106793 | 3 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | 06/18/2018 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | term | 12/08/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex | |
| Mental rotation task | Subjects view rotated letters, numbers, or objects (2D or 3D) and indicate if they are in their normal or mirror orientation; includes variations, but all tasks include mental rotation of stimuli. | ILX:0106794 | 4 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | 06/18/2018 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | term | 12/08/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex |
| Mental state assessment | An neuropsychiatric instrument consisting of a series of patient-answer and/or clinician-answered questions designed to assess the mental state of the patient. Typically score ranges are mapped to particular stages or states along a continuum such as depressive state. | ILX:0106795 | 3 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | 06/18/2018 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | term | 12/08/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex |
| Menthol | Menthol is a covalent organic compound made synthetically or obtained from peppermint or other mint oils. It is a waxy, crystalline substance, clear or white in color, which is solid at room temperature and melts slightly above. The main form of menthol occurring in nature is (-)-menthol, which is assigned the (1R,2S,5R) configuration. Menthol has local anesthetic and counterirritant qualities, and it is widely used to relieve minor throat irritation. Pharmacology: Menthol is a covalent organic compound made synthetically or obtained from peppermint or other mint oils. Menthol's ability to chemically trigger cold-sensitive receptors in the skin is responsible for the well known cooling sensation that it provokes when inhalated, eaten, or applied to the skin. It should be noted that menthol does not cause an actual drop in temperature. Mechanism of action: Menthol is classified as a calcium channel blocker. Calcium channel blockers are a class of drugs with effects on many excitable cells of the body, like the muscle of the heart, smooth muscles of the vessels or neuron cells. Calcium channel blockers work by blocking voltage-sensitive calcium channels in the heart and in the blood vessels. This prevents calcium levels from increasing as much in the cells when stimulated, leading to less contraction. Drug type: Approved. Small Molecule. Drug category: Antipruritics | ILX:0106796 | 4 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | 08/24/2018 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | term | 12/08/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | troy sincomb |
| Meperidine | A narcotic analgesic that can be used for the relief of most types of moderate to severe pain, including postoperative pain and the pain of labor. Prolonged use may lead to dependence of the morphine type; withdrawal symptoms appear more rapidly than with morphine and are of shorter duration. (PubChem) Pharmacology: Meperidine is a synthetic opiate agonist belonging to the phenylpiperidine class. Meperidine may produce less smooth muscle spasm, constipation, and depression of the cough reflex than equivalent doses of morphine. The onset of action is lightly more rapid than with morphine, and the duration of action is slightly shorter. The chemical structure of meperidine is similar to local anesthetics. Meperidine is recommended for relief of moderate to severe acute pain and has the unique ability to interrupt postoperative shivering and shaking chills induced by amphotericin B. Meperidine has also been used for intravenous regional anesthesia, peripheral nerve blocks and intraarticular, epidural and spinal analgesia. Meperidine is considered a second-line agent for the treatment of acute pain. Mechanism of action: Meperidine is primarily a kappa-opiate receptor agonist and also has local anesthetic effects. Meperidine has more affinity for the kappa-receptor than morphine. Opiate receptors are coupled with G-protein receptors and function as both positive and negative regulators of synaptic transmission via G-proteins that activate effector proteins. Binding of the opiate stimulates the exchange of GTP for GDP on the G-protein complex. As the effector system is adenylate cyclase and cAMP located at the inner surface of the plasma membrane, opioids decrease intracellular cAMP by inhibiting adenylate cyclase. Subsequently, the release of nociceptive neurotransmitters such as substance P, GABA, dopamine, acetylcholine and noradrenaline is inhibited. Opioids also inhibit the release of vasopressin, somatostatin, insulin and glucagon. Meperidine's analgesic activity is, most likely, due to its conversion to morphine. Opioids close N-type voltage-operated calcium channels (OP2-receptor agonist) and open calcium-dependent inwardly rectifying potassium channels (OP3 and OP1 receptor agonist). This results in hyperpolarization and reduced neuronal excitability. Drug type: Approved. Small Molecule. Drug category: Adjuvants. Adjuvants, Anesthesia. Analgesics. Analgesics, Opioid. Narcotics. Opiate Agonists | ILX:0106797 | 4 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | 08/24/2018 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | term | 12/08/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | troy sincomb |
| Mephentermine | A sympathomimetic agent with mainly indirect effects on adrenergic receptors. It is used to maintain blood pressure in hypotensive states, for example, following spinal anesthesia. Although the central stimulant effects of mephentermine are much less than those of amphetamine, its use may lead to amphetamine-type dependence. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1248) Pharmacology: Mephentermine is a sympathomimetic agent with mainly indirect effects on adrenergic receptors. It is used to maintain blood pressure in hypotensive states, for example, following spinal anesthesia. Although the central stimulant effects of mephentermine are much less than those of amphetamine, its use may lead to amphetamine-type dependence. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1248) Mechanism of action: Mephentermine is an alpha adrenergic receptor agonist, but also acts indirectly by releasing endogenous norepinephrine. Cardiac output and systolic and diastolic pressures are usually increased. A change in heart rate is variable, depending on the degree of vagal tone. Sometimes the net vascular effect may be vasodilation. Large doses may depress the myocardium or produce central nervous system (CNS) effects. Drug type: Approved. Small Molecule. Drug category: Adrenergic Agents. Adrenergic alpha-Agonists. Sympathomimetics. Vasoconstrictor Agents | ILX:0106798 | 3 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | 06/18/2018 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | term | 12/08/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex |
| Mephenytoin | An anticonvulsant effective in tonic-clonic epilepsy (epilepsy, tonic-clonic). It may cause blood dyscrasias. (PubChem) Pharmacology: Mephenytoin is an antiepileptic drug which can be useful in the treatment of epilepsy. The primary site of action appears to be the motor cortex where spread of seizure activity is inhibited. Possibly by promoting sodium efflux from neurons, mephenytoin tends to stabilize the threshold against hyperexcitability caused by excessive stimulation or environmental changes capable of reducing membrane sodium gradient. This includes the reduction of posttetanic potentiation at synapses. Loss of posttetanic potentiation prevents cortical seizure foci from detonating adjacent cortical areas. Mephenytoin reduces the maximal activity of brain stem centers responsible for the tonic phase of tonic-clonic (grand mal) seizures. Mechanism of action: The mechanism of action of mephenytoin is not definitely known, but extensive research strongly suggests that its main mechanism is to block frequency-, use- and voltage-dependent neuronal sodium channels, and therefore limit repetitive firing of action potentials. Drug type: Approved. Small Molecule. Drug category: Anticonvulsants | ILX:0106799 | 3 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | 06/18/2018 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | term | 12/08/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex |
| Mepivacaine | A local anesthetic that is chemically related to bupivacaine but pharmacologically related to lidocaine. It is indicated for infiltration, nerve block, and epidural anesthesia. Mepivacaine is effective topically only in large doses and therefore should not be used by this route. (From AMA Drug Evaluations, 1994, p168) Pharmacology: Mepivicaine is a local anesthetic of the amide type. Mepivicaine as a reasonably rapid onset and medium duration and is known by the proprietary names as Carbocaine and Polocaine. Mepivicaine is used in local infiltration and regional anesthesia. Systemic absorption of local anesthetics produces effects on the cardiovascular and central nervous systems. At blood concentrations achieved with normal therapeutic doses, changes in cardiac conduction, excitability, refractoriness, contractility, and peripheral vascular resistance are minimal. Mechanism of action: Local anesthetics block the generation and the conduction of nerve impulses, presumably by increasing the threshold for electrical excitation in the nerve, by slowing the propagation of the nerve impulse, and by reducing the rate of rise of the action potential. In general, the progression of anesthesia is related to the diameter, myelination, and conduction velocity of affected nerve fibers. Clinically, the order of loss of nerve function is as follows: pain, temperature, touch, proprioception, and skeletal muscle tone. Drug type: Approved. Small Molecule. Drug category: Anesthetics, Local | ILX:0106800 | 3 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | 06/18/2018 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | term | 12/08/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex |
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