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Total 422235 Results
| Label | Description | ILX | Version | Created CID | Modified Time | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ranibizumab | Ranibizumab is a recombinant humanized IgG1 kappa isotype monoclonal antibody fragment designed for intraocular use. Ranibizumab binds to and inhibits the biologic activity of human vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A). Ranibizumab has a molecular weight of approximately 48 kilodaltons and is produced by an E. coli expression system in a nutrient medium containing the antibiotic tetracycline. Tetracycline is not detectable in the final product. Pharmacology: Ranibizumab is a recombinant humanized IgG1 kappa isotype monoclonal antibody fragment designed for intraocular use. Ranibizumab binds to and inhibits the biologic activity of human vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A). Mechanism of action: Ranibizumab binds to the receptor binding site of active forms of VEGF-A, including the biologically active, cleaved form of this molecule, VEGF110. VEGF-A has been shown to cause neovascularization and leakage in models of ocular angiogenesis and is thought to contribute to the progression of the neovascular form of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). The binding of ranibizumab to VEGF-A prevents the interaction of VEGF-A with its receptors (VEGFR1 and VEGFR2) on the surface of endothelial cells, reducing endothelial cell proliferation, vascular leakage, and new blood vessel formation. Drug type: Approved. Biotech. Investigational. Drug category: | ILX:0109643 | 3 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | 06/18/2018 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | term | 12/09/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex |
| Ranidae | ILX:0109644 | 7 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | 10/18/2018 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | term | 12/09/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | troy sincomb | |
| Ranitidine | A non-imidazole blocker of those histamine receptors that mediate gastric secretion (H2 receptors). It is used to treat gastrointestinal ulcers. (PubChem) Pharmacology: Ranitidine is a histamine H2-receptor antagonist similar to cimetidine and famotidine. An H2-receptor antagonist, often shortened to H2 antagonist, is a drug used to block the action of histamine on parietal cells in the stomach, decreasing acid production by these cells. These drugs are used in the treatment of dyspepsia, however their use has waned since the advent of the more effective proton pump inhibitors. Like the H1-antihistamines, the H2 antagonists are inverse agonists rather than true receptor antagonists. Mechanism of action: The H2 antagonists are competitive inhibitors of histamine at the parietal cell H2 receptor. They suppress the normal secretion of acid by parietal cells and the meal-stimulated secretion of acid. They accomplish this by two mechanisms: histamine released by ECL cells in the stomach is blocked from binding on parietal cell H2 receptors which stimulate acid secretion, and other substances that promote acid secretion (such as gastrin and acetylcholine) have a reduced effect on parietal cells when the H2 receptors are blocked. Drug type: Approved. Small Molecule. Drug category: Anti-Ulcer Agents. Histamine H2 Antagonists | ILX:0109645 | 3 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | 06/18/2018 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | term | 12/09/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex |
| Ranoidea | ILX:0109646 | 4 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | 06/18/2018 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | term | 12/09/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex | |
| Ranolazine | Ranolazine is an antianginal medication. On January 31, 2006, ranolazine was approved for use in the United States by the FDA for the treatment of chronic angina. (Wikipedia) Pharmacology: Ranolazine has antianginal and anti-ischemic effects that do not depend upon reductions in heart rate or blood pressure. It is the first new anti-anginal developed in over 20 years. Mechanism of action: The mechanism of action of ranolazine is unknown. It does not increase the rate-pressure product, a measure of myocardial work, at maximal exercise. In vitro studies suggest that ranolazine is a P-gp inhibitor. Ranolazine is believed to have its effects via altering the trans-cellular late sodium current. It is by altering the intracellular sodium level that ranolazine affects the sodium-dependent calcium channels during myocardial ischemia. Thus, ranolazine indirectly prevents the calcium overload that causes cardiac ischemia. Drug type: Approved. Investigational. Small Molecule. Drug category: Enzyme Inhibitors | ILX:0109647 | 3 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | 06/18/2018 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | term | 12/09/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex |
| Ranson S.W. 1920 Parcellation scheme | Parcellations or definitions of nervous system structures from Ranson, S.W. 1920, The Anatomy of the Nervous System from the Standpoint of Development and Function. With 260 Illustrations, Some of Them in Colors. | ILX:0109648 | 3 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | 06/18/2018 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | term | 12/09/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex |
| Ranson S.W. 1920 Parcellation scheme region | Nervous system structure definitions from Ranson, S.W. 1920, The Anatomy of the Nervous System from the Standpoint of Development and Function. With 260 Illustrations, Some of Them in Colors. | ILX:0109649 | 3 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | 06/18/2018 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | term | 12/09/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex |
| Raphe Nuclei | The raphe nuclei are thin plates of cells in and immediately adjacent to the sagittal plane. | ILX:0109650 | 9 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | 06/23/2020 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | term | 12/09/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex |
| Raphe obscurus nucleus of PHT00 | ILX:0109651 | 3 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | 06/18/2018 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | term | 12/09/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex | |
| Raphe pallidus nucleus of PHT00 | ILX:0109652 | 3 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | 06/18/2018 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | term | 12/09/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex | |
| Rapid automatized naming test | "Participants are required to name, as rapidly as possible, items presented visually on a chart. Each chart contains five rows of 10 stimuli from a category of five items. Categories include colors, lowercase letters, digits, and common objects. The tests are scored for total number of errors and time in seconds taken to complete each chart." - (Meyer, Wood, Hart, andamp; Felton 1998) | ILX:0109653 | 5 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | 09/07/2018 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | term | 12/09/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | troy sincomb |
| Rapid serial object transformation | A task where two sets of differently colored superimposed patterns of dots rotate in opposite directions. The participant is asked to pay attention to on set of dots. One of the sets of dots will then move across the screen and the participant must say which direction the dots are moving. | ILX:0109654 | 4 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | 06/18/2018 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | term | 12/09/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex |
| Rasagiline | Rasagiline is an irreversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase and is used as a monotherapy in early Parkinson's disease or as an adjunct therapy in more advanced cases. Pharmacology: Rasagiline, an irreversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase (MAO). MAO, a flavin-containing enzyme, is classified into two major molecular species, A and B, and is localized in mitochondrial membranes throughout the body in nerve terminals, brain, liver and intestinal mucosa. MAO regulates the metabolic degradation of catecholamines and serotonin in the CNS and peripheral tissues. MAO-B is the major form in the human brain. In ex vivo animal studies in brain, liver and intestinal tissues rasagiline was shown to be a potent, irreversible monoamine oxidase type B (MAO-B) selective inhibitor. Rasagiline at the recommended therapeutic dose was also shown to be a potent and irreversible inhibitor of MAO-B in platelets. The selectivity of rasagiline for inhibiting only MAO-B (and not MAO-A) in humans and the sensitivity to tyramine during rasagiline treatment at any dose has not been sufficiently characterized to avoid restriction of dietary tyramine and amines contained in medications. Mechanism of action: The precise mechanisms of action of rasagiline are unknown. One mechanism is believed to be related to its MAO-B inhibitory activity, which causes an increase in extracellular levels of dopamine in the striatum. The elevated dopamine level and subsequent increased dopaminergic activity are likely to mediate rasagilines beneficial effects seen in models of dopaminergic motor dysfunction. Drug type: Approved. Small Molecule. Drug category: Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors. Neuroprotective Agents | ILX:0109655 | 4 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | 08/24/2018 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | term | 12/09/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | troy sincomb |
| Rasborinae | ILX:0109656 | 4 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | 06/18/2018 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | term | 12/09/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex | |
| Rasburicase | Rasburicase is a recombinant urate-oxidase enzyme produced by a genetically modified Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain. The cDNA coding for rasburicase was cloned from a strain of Aspergillus flavus. Pharmacology: Drugs used to treat lympohoid leukemia, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and acute myelogenous leukemia often lead to the accumulation of toxic plasma levels of purine metabolites (i.e. uric acid). The injection of rasburicase reduces levels of uric acid and mitigates the toxic effects of chemotherapy induced tumor lysis. Mechanism of action: Rasburicase catalyzes enzymatic oxidation of uric acid into an inactive and soluble metabolite (allantoin). Drug type: Approved. Biotech. Investigational. Drug category: Antihyperuricemic Agents | ILX:0109657 | 4 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | 08/24/2018 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | term | 12/09/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | troy sincomb |
| Rat | A mammal of the rodent order and genus rattus. Most laboratory rats are derived from the species Rattus norvegicus, the most common parent species for most laboratory strains | ILX:0109658 | 6 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | 01/17/2023 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | term | 12/09/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex |
| Rate | A monadic quality of occurrent that is the occurrence of a process per unit time. | ILX:0109659 | 3 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | 06/18/2018 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | term | 12/09/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex |
| Rate-coding model neurons | ILX:0109660 | 5 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | 06/18/2018 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | term | 12/09/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex | |
| Rating scale | Categories designed to elicit information about a quantitative or a qualitative attribute. | ILX:0109661 | 3 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | 06/18/2018 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | term | 12/09/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex |
| Rat | ILX:0109662 | 6 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | 02/09/2023 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | term | 12/09/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | Jeffrey Grethe |
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