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Total 422235 Results
| Label | Description | ILX | Version | Created CID | Modified Time | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nefazodone | Nefazodone hydrochloride (trade name Serzone) is an antidepressant drug marketed by Bristol-Myers Squibb. Its sale was discontinued in 2003 in some countries, due to the small possibility of hepatic (liver) injury, which could lead to the need for a liver transplant, or even death. The incidence of severe liver damage is approximately 1 in 250,000 to 300,000 patient-years. On May 20, 2004, Bristol-Myers Squibb discontinued the sale of Serzone in the United States. (Wikipedia) Pharmacology: Nefazodone, an antidepressant synthetically derived phenylpiperazine, is used to treat major depression. Although it is structurally similar to trazodone, nefazodone has a mechanism of action different from other antidepressants and, hence, lacks the risk for major cardiovascular toxicity seen with tricyclics and insomnia and inhibition of REM sleep seen with the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Mechanism of action: Within the serotonergic system, nefazodone acts as an antagonist at type 2 serotonin (5-HT2) post-synaptic receptors and, like fluoxetine-type antidepressants, inhibits pre-synaptic serotonin (5-HT) reuptake. These mechanisms increase the amount of serotonin available to interact with 5-HT receptors. Within the noradrenergic system, nefazodone inhibits norepinephrine uptake minimally. Nefazodone also antagonizes alpha(1)-adrenergic receptors, producing sedation, muscle relaxation, and a variety of cardiovascular effects. Nefazodone's affinity for benzodiazepine, cholinergic, dopaminergic, histaminic, and beta or alpha(2)-adrenergic receptors is not significant. Drug type: Approved. Small Molecule. Withdrawn. Drug category: Analgesics. Antidepressants. Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation. Serotonin Agents | ILX:0107341 | 4 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | 08/24/2018 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | term | 12/09/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | troy sincomb |
| Negative control role | ILX:0107342 | 3 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | 06/18/2018 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | term | 12/09/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex | |
| Negative result | The outcome of an experiment where the null hypothesis is not refuted. Also, where the dependent variable is not related to the independent variable. | ILX:0107343 | 3 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | 06/18/2018 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | term | 12/09/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex |
| Nelarabine | Nelarabine is a chemotherapy drug used in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Nelarabine is a purine nucleoside analog converted to its corresponding arabinosylguanine nucleotide triphosphate (araGTP), resulting in inhibition of DNA synthesis and cytotoxicity. Pharmacology: Nelarabine is a purine nucleoside analog converted to its corresponding arabinosylguanine nucleotide triphosphate (araGTP), resulting in inhibition of DNA synthesis and cytotoxicity. Pre-clinical studies suggest that T-cells are particularly sensitive to nelarabine. Mechanism of action: Nelarabine is a prodrug of the cytotoxic deoxyguanosine analogue 9--D-arabinofuranosylguanine (ara-G). The drug is ultimately metabolized into the active 5'-triphosphate ara-GTP, which disrupts DNA synthesis and induces apoptosis. Additional cytotoxic activities may exist, but these are not fully understood. Drug type: Approved. Investigational. Small Molecule. Drug category: Antineoplastic Agents | ILX:0107344 | 4 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | 08/24/2018 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | term | 12/09/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | troy sincomb |
| Nelfinavir | A potent HIV protease inhibitor. It is used in combination with other antiviral drugs in the treatment of HIV in both adults and children. (PubChem) Pharmacology: Nelfinavir is a protease inhibitor with activity against Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1). Protease inhibitors block the part of HIV called protease. HIV-1 protease is an enzyme required for the proteolytic cleavage of the viral polyprotein precursors into the individual functional proteins found in infectious HIV-1. Nelfinavir binds to the protease active site and inhibits the activity of the enzyme. This inhibition prevents cleavage of the viral polyproteins resulting in the formation of immature non-infectious viral particles. Protease inhibitors are almost always used in combination with at least two other anti-HIV drugs. Mechanism of action: Nelfinavir inhibits the HIV viral proteinase enzyme which prevents cleavage of the gag-pol polyprotein, resulting in noninfectious, immature viral particles. Drug type: Approved. Small Molecule. Drug category: Anti-HIV Agents. HIV Protease Inhibitors | ILX:0107345 | 3 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | 06/18/2018 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | term | 12/09/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex |
| Nematoda | A class of unsegmented helminths with fundamental bilateral symmetry and secondary triradiate symmetry of the oral and esophageal structures. Many species are parasites. (MSH) * Nematodes are soil-inhabiting roundworms of the Phylum Nematoda. (NCI) * class of unsegmented helminths with fundamental bilateral symmetry and secondary triradiate symmetry of the oral and esophageal structures; many species are parasites. (CSP)Definition Source: UMLS | ILX:0107346 | 5 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | 06/18/2018 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | term | 12/09/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex |
| Nematosome | Cytoplasmic, ball-like inclusion resembling a nucleolus and consisting of a convoluted network of electron-opaque strands embedded in a less dense matrix. It measures approximately 0.9 microns and lacks a limiting membrane. Its strands (diameter | ILX:0107347 | 6 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | 06/18/2018 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | term | 12/09/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex |
| Neobatrachia | ILX:0107348 | 4 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | 06/18/2018 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | term | 12/09/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex | |
| Neocoleoidea | ILX:0107349 | 4 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | 06/18/2018 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | term | 12/09/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex | |
| Neocortex | Part of cerebral cortex defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture that has six layers. Starting from the cortical surface the layers are: molecular layer (I), external granular layer (II), external pyramidal layer (III), internal granular layer (IV), internal pyramidal layer (V), and multiform layer (VI). Neocortex is most prominent in the frontal lobe, the parietal lobe, the temporal lobe and the occipital lobe, less so in the cingulate gyrus, the parahippocampal gyrus and the insula. It is composed of two subdivisions: true isocortex and proisocortex (Carpenter-83) (NN) * The largest portion of the CEREBRAL CORTEX. It is composed of NEURONS arranged in six layers. (MSH) * the newer, 6 layered portion of the cerebral cortex showing stratification and organization characteristic of the most highly evolved type of cerebral tissue. (CSP) | ILX:0107350 | 11 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | 01/17/2023 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | term | 12/09/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex |
| Neocortex basket cell | An inhibitory GABAergic interneurons of the cortex, enmeshing the cell body of another neuron with its terminal axon ramifications. | ILX:0107351 | 6 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | 01/17/2023 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | term | 12/09/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex |
| Neocortex bipolar cell | ILX:0107352 | 3 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | 06/18/2018 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | term | 12/09/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex | |
| Neocortex bouquet double cell | Type of inhibitory cortical interneuron that provides inhibitory innervation of pyramidal neurons. Most commonly described in primates; may be absent in rodent (DeFelipe et al., 2001). | ILX:0107353 | 4 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | 06/18/2018 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | term | 12/09/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex |
| Neocortex Cajal-Retzius cell | Neurons of the human embryonic marginal zone which display, as a salient feature, radial ascending processes that contact the pial surface, and a horizontal axon plexus located in the deep marginal zone. These cells were first described by Retzius (Retzius, 1893, 1894) (see the cell labelled 'Retzius, 1893' in Fig. 1). There is consensus that homologous elements are present in the non-primate neocortex, where their morphology is much simpler, as initially described in 1891 by Cajal (Fig. 2) (Cajal, 1891). The definition of these cells has remained somewhat confusing, in part because Cajal and Retzius studied different species and different developmental stages, and also because their original publications have not been generally available. Meyer et al (1999)prefer to define 'Cajalu2013Retzius cells' loosely, as the family of Reln-immunoreactive (ir) neurons in the marginal zone, and reserve the term of pioneer neurons for the early, Reln-negative preplate derivatives that settle in the MZ and project to sub-cortical levels. Adapted from Meyer et al. (1999) | ILX:0107354 | 4 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | 08/24/2018 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | term | 12/09/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | troy sincomb |
| Neocortex candelabrum cell | ILX:0107355 | 3 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | 06/18/2018 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | term | 12/09/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex | |
| Neocortex chandelier cell | Type of cortical interneuron characterized by a bitufted appearance, with groups of dendrites extending from the upper and lower poles of an elongate cell body, but some cells have a more multipolar configuration. | ILX:0107356 | 3 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | 06/18/2018 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | term | 12/09/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex |
| Neocortex Dorsolateral Prefrontal Area layer 1 parvalbumin cell | This neuron stains for Parvalbumin and is one of the subpopulation of DLPFC layer 1 GABAergic neurons | ILX:0107357 | 3 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | 06/18/2018 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | term | 12/09/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex |
| Neocortex Dorsolateral prefrontal area layer 2 Calbindin cell | This neuron stains for Calbindin-28K and is one of the subpopulation of DLPFC layer 2 GABAergic neurons. | ILX:0107358 | 3 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | 06/18/2018 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | term | 12/09/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex |
| Neocortex Dorsolateral Prefrontal Area layer 2 parvalbumin cell | This neuron stains for Parvalbumin and is one of the subpopulation of DLPFC layer 2 GABAergic neurons | ILX:0107359 | 3 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | 06/18/2018 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | term | 12/09/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex |
| Neocortex Dorsolateral prefrontal area layer 3 Calbindin cell | This neuron stains for Calbindin-28K and is one of the subpopulation of DLPFC layer 3 GABAergic neurons. | ILX:0107360 | 3 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | 06/18/2018 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | term | 12/09/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex |
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