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Total 422235 Results
| Label | Description | ILX | Version | Created CID | Modified Time | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Insula | Gray matter of the insular region of the neocortex. In gyrencephalic animals, it is part of the insular lobe and lies in the depths of the lateral fissure and covered by portions of the frontal, parietal and temporal lobes. It includes Brodmann areas 13-16. | ILX:0105519 | 12 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | 01/17/2023 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | term | 12/08/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex |
| Insulin | A hormone composed of 51 amino acids and has a molecular weight of 5808 Da. It is produced in the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas. | ILX:0105520 | 3 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | 06/18/2018 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | term | 12/08/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex |
| Insulin Glargine recombinant | Lantus is produced by recombinant DNA technology utilizing a non-pathogenic laboratory strain of Escherichia coli (K12) as the production organism. Insulin glargine differs from human insulin in that the amino acid asparagine at position A21 is replaced by glycine and two arginines are added to the C-terminus of the B-chain. Pharmacology: Used in the treatment of type I and type II diabetes. The primary activity of insulin is the regulation of glucose metabolism. In muscle and other tissues (except the brain), insulin causes rapid transport of glucose and amino acids intracellularly. It also promotes anabolism, and inhibits protein catabolism. In the liver, insulin promotes the uptake and storage of glucose in the form of glycogen, inhibits gluconeogenesis, and promotes the conversion of excess glucose into fat. Mechanism of action: Insulin binds to the insulin receptor (IR), a heterotetrameric protein consisting of two extracellular alpha units and two transmembrane beta units. The binding of insulin to the alpha subunit of IR stimulates the tyrosine kinase activity intrinsic to the beta subunit of the receptor. The bound receptor is able to autophosphorylate and phosphorylate numerous intracellular substrates such as insulin receptor substrates (IRS) proteins, Cbl, APS, Shc and Gab 1. These activated proteins, in turn, lead to the activation of downstream signaling molecules including PI3 kinase and Akt. Akt regulates the activity of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) and protein kinase C (PKC) which play a critical role in metabolism and catabolism. Drug type: Approved. Biotech. Drug category: Hypoglycemic Agents | ILX:0105521 | 3 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | 06/18/2018 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | term | 12/08/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex |
| Insulin Granule | Membrane-bound secretory granules which contain insulin and occur inside pancreatic beta cells. | ILX:0105522 | 3 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | 06/18/2018 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | term | 12/08/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex |
| Insulin like growth factor 1 | The term 'insulin-like growth factor' names a set of proteins with high sequence similarity to insulin that are part of a complex system that cells use to communicate with their physiologic environment. [adpated from [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insulin-like_growth_factor)] | ILX:0105523 | 4 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | 01/17/2023 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | term | 12/08/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex |
| Insulin Lyspro recombinant | Monomeric form of regular insulin hexamer. Absorbed more rapidly than regular insulin. Has a lysine28, proline29 substitution in the B chain Pharmacology: Used in the treatment of type I and type II diabetes. The primary activity of insulin is the regulation of glucose metabolism. In muscle and other tissues (except the brain), insulin causes rapid transport of glucose and amino acids intracellularly. It also promotes anabolism, and inhibits protein catabolism. In the liver, insulin promotes the uptake and storage of glucose in the form of glycogen, inhibits gluconeogenesis, and promotes the conversion of excess glucose into fat. Mechanism of action: Insulin binds to the insulin receptor (IR), a heterotetrameric protein consisting of two extracellular alpha units and two transmembrane beta units. The binding of insulin to the alpha subunit of IR stimulates the tyrosine kinase activity intrinsic to the beta subunit of the receptor. The bound receptor is able to autophosphorylate and phosphorylate numerous intracellular substrates such as insulin receptor substrates (IRS) proteins, Cbl, APS, Shc and Gab 1. These activated proteins, in turn, lead to the activation of downstream signaling molecules including PI3 kinase and Akt. Akt regulates the activity of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) and protein kinase C (PKC) which play a critical role in metabolism and catabolism. Drug type: Approved. Biotech. Drug category: Hypoglycemic Agents | ILX:0105524 | 3 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | 06/18/2018 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | term | 12/08/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex |
| Insulin recombinant | 51 residue peptide hormone, covalently linked by disulfide bonds. The protein is synthesized in a special non-disease-producing special laboratory strain of Escherichia coli bacteria that has been genetically altered by the addition of the gene for human insulin production. Pharmacology: Used in the treatment of type I and type II diabetes. The primary activity of insulin is the regulation of glucose metabolism. In muscle and other tissues (except the brain), insulin causes rapid transport of glucose and amino acids intracellularly. It also promotes anabolism, and inhibits protein catabolism. In the liver, insulin promotes the uptake and storage of glucose in the form of glycogen, inhibits gluconeogenesis, and promotes the conversion of excess glucose into fat. Mechanism of action: Insulin binds to the insulin receptor (IR), a heterotetrameric protein consisting of two extracellular alpha units and two transmembrane beta units. The binding of insulin to the alpha subunit of IR stimulates the tyrosine kinase activity intrinsic to the beta subunit of the receptor. The bound receptor is able to autophosphorylate and phosphorylate numerous intracellular substrates such as insulin receptor substrates (IRS) proteins, Cbl, APS, Shc and Gab 1. These activated proteins, in turn, lead to the activation of downstream signaling molecules including PI3 kinase and Akt. Akt regulates the activity of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) and protein kinase C (PKC) which play a critical role in metabolism and catabolism. Drug type: Approved. Biotech. Drug category: Hypoglycemic Agents | ILX:0105525 | 3 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | 06/18/2018 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | term | 12/08/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex |
| Insulin, porcine | Insulin isolated from pig pancreas. Composed of alpha and beta chains, processed from pro-insulin. Forms a hexameric structure Pharmacology: Insulin is used in the treatment of type I and type II diabetes. The primary activity of insulin is the regulation of glucose metabolism. In muscle and other tissues (except the brain), insulin causes rapid transport of glucose and amino acids intracellularly. It also promotes anabolism, and inhibits protein catabolism. In the liver, insulin promotes the uptake and storage of glucose in the form of glycogen, inhibits gluconeogenesis, and promotes the conversion of excess glucose into fat. Mechanism of action: Insulin binds to the insulin receptor (IR), a heterotetrameric protein consisting of two extracellular alpha units and two transmembrane beta units. The binding of insulin to the alpha subunit of IR stimulates the tyrosine kinase activity intrinsic to the beta subunit of the receptor. The bound receptor is able to autophosphorylate and phosphorylate numerous intracellular substrates such as insulin receptor substrates (IRS) proteins, Cbl, APS, Shc and Gab 1. These activated proteins, in turn, lead to the activation of downstream signaling molecules including PI3 kinase and Akt. Akt regulates the activity of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) and protein kinase C (PKC) which play a critical role in metabolism and catabolism. Drug type: Approved. Biotech. Drug category: Hypoglycemic Agents | ILX:0105526 | 3 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | 06/18/2018 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | term | 12/08/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex |
| Insulin-like peptide | ILX:0105527 | 3 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | 06/18/2018 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | term | 12/08/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex | |
| Insulin-like peptide 5 | ILX:0105528 | 3 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | 06/18/2018 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | term | 12/08/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex | |
| Insusceptible toward | A quality of lacking susceptibility toward an external stimulus. | ILX:0105529 | 3 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | 06/18/2018 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | term | 12/08/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex |
| Intebrain | The caudal and ventral topographic division of the forebrain. The interbrain in turn has two great topographic divisions, dorsally the thalamus and ventrally the hypothalamus. This basic division of the macrodissected adult human brain( has been recognized at least since Varolio (1573, p. 13, his "pars posterior medullae spinalis"), and it received its current name for vertebrates from Baer (1837, p. 107; in the original German, "Zwischenhirn"). This English form of diencephalon (Sharpey et al., 1867) has been used routinely, for example by Sharpey et al. (1867, p. 577), Johnston (1906, p. 25), Strong & Elwyn (1943, p. 12), and Williams & Warwick (1980, p. 953). | ILX:0105530 | 4 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | 08/24/2018 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | term | 12/08/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | troy sincomb |
| Integral membrane protein | A protein with a moiety (either a covalently linked lipid or a transmembrane domain) that is integrated into the hydrophobic core of the bilayer.www.nature.com/nrm/journal/v6/n3/glossary/nrm1591_glossary.html | ILX:0105531 | 3 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | 06/18/2018 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | term | 12/08/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex |
| Integrative zone | The initial segment of the axon where the decision is made to initiate an action potential. | ILX:0105532 | 5 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | 06/18/2018 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | term | 12/08/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex |
| Integrin | ILX:0105533 | 4 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | 06/18/2018 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | term | 12/08/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex | |
| Intended Recipients of Results Identification Sequence | Identification of the physicians who are intended recipients of results. One or more items shall be included in this sequence. If more than one Item, the number and order shall correspond to the value of Names of Intended Recipients of Results (0040,1010). | ILX:0105534 | 4 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | 06/18/2018 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | term | 12/08/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex |
| Intensifier Size | Physical diameter of the maximum active area X-Ray intensifier in mm. This attribute does not specify the field of view. The attribute Field of View Dimension(s) in Float (0018,9461) is intended for this value. | ILX:0105535 | 5 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | 08/28/2018 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | term | 12/08/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | troy sincomb |
| Intensity | A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of possessing or displaying a distinctive feature in type or degree or effect or force. | ILX:0105536 | 3 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | 06/18/2018 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | term | 12/08/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex |
| Inter-Golgi Transport Vesicle | A vesicle that mediates transport of cargo within the Golgi complex (for example, between cisternae of the Golgi stack) (Gene Ontology). | ILX:0105537 | 9 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | 06/18/2018 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | term | 12/08/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex |
| Interaction | A biological relationship between two or more entities. Rationale: BioPAX interactions are atomic from modeling perspective, i.e. it is not possible to define sub-interactions. For representing non-atomic continuants with explicit subevents, pathway class should be used. Interactions does not have to be temporally atomic though, for example genetic interactions cover a large span of time. Usage: Interaction is a highly abstract class and in almost all cases it is more appropriate to use subclasses of interaction. It is partially possible to define generic reactions by using generic participants. A more comprehensive method is planned for BioPAX L4 for covering all generic cases like oxidization of a generic alcohol. Synonyms: Process, relationship, event. Examples: protein-protein interaction, biochemical reaction, enzyme catalysis. Taken from BioPAX | ILX:0105538 | 5 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | 06/04/2020 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | term | 12/08/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex |
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