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The RNA helicase DDX39A binds a conserved structure in chikungunya virus RNA to control infection.

Molecular cell | 2023

Alphaviruses are a large group of re-emerging arthropod-borne RNA viruses. The compact viral RNA genomes harbor diverse structures that facilitate replication. These structures can be recognized by antiviral cellular RNA-binding proteins, including DExD-box (DDX) helicases, that bind viral RNAs to control infection. The full spectrum of antiviral DDXs and the structures that are recognized remain unclear. Genetic screening identified DDX39A as antiviral against the alphavirus chikungunya virus (CHIKV) and other medically relevant alphaviruses. Upon infection, the predominantly nuclear DDX39A accumulates in the cytoplasm inhibiting alphavirus replication, independent of the canonical interferon pathway. Biochemically, DDX39A binds to CHIKV genomic RNA, interacting with the 5' conserved sequence element (5'CSE), which is essential for the antiviral activity of DDX39A. Altogether, DDX39A relocalization and binding to a conserved structural element in the alphavirus genomic RNA attenuates infection, revealing a previously unknown layer to the cellular control of infection.

Pubmed ID: 37949067 RIS Download

Associated grants

  • Agency: NIAID NIH HHS, United States
    Id: R01 AI140539
  • Agency: NIAID NIH HHS, United States
    Id: R21 AI151882
  • Agency: NIAID NIH HHS, United States
    Id: R01 AI150246
  • Agency: NIAID NIH HHS, United States
    Id: R01 AI152362
  • Agency: NIAID NIH HHS, United States
    Id: T32 AI007419
  • Agency: NIAID NIH HHS, United States
    Id: U19 AI109680
  • Agency: NIAID NIH HHS, United States
    Id: R21 AI138056

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