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Iron-sulfur clusters (ISC) are essential cofactors that participate in electron transfer, environmental sensing, and catalysis. Amongst the most ancient ISC-containing proteins are the ferredoxin (FDX) family of electron carriers. Humans have two FDXs- FDX1 and FDX2, both of which are localized to mitochondria, and the latter of which is itself important for ISC synthesis. We have previously shown that hypoxia can eliminate the requirement for some components of the ISC biosynthetic pathway, but FDXs were not included in that study. Here, we report that FDX1, but not FDX2, is dispensable under 1% O2 in cultured human cells. We find that FDX1 is essential for production of the lipoic acid cofactor, which is synthesized by the ISC-containing enzyme lipoyl synthase. While hypoxia can rescue the growth phenotype of either FDX1 or lipoyl synthase KO cells, lipoylation in these same cells is not rescued, arguing against an alternative biosynthetic route or salvage pathway for lipoate in hypoxia. Our work reveals the divergent roles of FDX1 and FDX2 in mitochondria, identifies a role for FDX1 in lipoate synthesis, and suggests that loss of lipoic acid can be tolerated under low oxygen tensions in cell culture.
Pubmed ID: 37481209 RIS Download
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Software package for interpreting gene expression data. Used for interpretation of a large-scale experiment by identifying pathways and processes.
View all literature mentionsTHIS RESOURCE IS NO LONGER IN SERVICE. Documented on May 5,2022.Tool that predicts interactions between transcription factors and their regulated genes from binding motifs. Understanding vertebrate development requires unraveling the cis-regulatory architecture of gene regulation. PRISM provides accurate genome-wide computational predictions of transcription factor binding sites for the human and mouse genomes, and integrates the predictions with GREAT to provide functional biological context. Together, accurate computational binding site prediction and GREAT produce for each transcription factor: 1. putative binding sites, 2. putative target genes, 3. putative biological roles of the transcription factor, and 4. putative cis-regulatory elements through which the factor regulates each target in each functional role.
View all literature mentionsA research tool company focused on the creation of the largest commercial collection of full-length human cDNAs in a standard expression vector. The availability of the complete human genome sequence and the subsequent development of genome-based tools have enabled the identification of relevant drug targets through system biology approaches. OriGene''s vision is to prepare comprehensive, genome wide research tools and technology platforms to enable scientists to study complete biological pathways, thus enabling a better understanding of disease mechanisms including cancer and stem cell research. OriGene Technologies uses high-throughput, genome wide approach to develop products for pharmaceutical, biotechnology, and academic research. Their flagship product is the cDNA clone collection, a searchable gene bank of over 30,000 human full-length TrueClone cDNA collection and over 25,000 TrueORF cDNA clones. From their TrueORF cDNA clones, they have developed the largest offering of full length human proteins expressed in mammalian cells, ideal for functional studies. Their TrueMAB project develops mouse monoclonal antibodies against protein antigens with the goal to develop protein assays for every human protein. They also offer complete molecular biology services from codon optimization, gene synthesis, protein expression and assay development. In addition, they offer unique gene expression products such as TissueScan cancer tissue qPCR arrays and tissue biorepository for biomarker discovery and validation.
View all literature mentionsA web-server for fast comparative functional profiling of metagenomes.
View all literature mentionsBioconductor software package for Empirical analysis of Digital Gene Expression data in R. Used for differential expression analysis of RNA-seq and digital gene expression data with biological replication.
View all literature mentionsMicrosoft system includes integrated digital inverted benchtop microscope for four-color fluorescence, transmitted-light, and color imaging. Provides interchangeable optics with autofocus, single-click multi-channel image acquisition.3.2 Megapixels, monochrome, CMOS camera. Offers software for acquisition, analysis, and automated cell counting.
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