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Sex differences in glioblastoma (GBM) incidence and outcome are well recognized, and emerging evidence suggests that these extend to genetic/epigenetic and cellular differences, including immune responses. However, the mechanisms driving immunologic sex differences are not fully understood. Here, we demonstrate that T cells play a critical role in driving GBM sex differences. Male mice exhibited accelerated tumor growth, with decreased frequency and increased exhaustion of CD8+ T cells in the tumor. Furthermore, a higher frequency of progenitor exhausted T cells was found in males, with improved responsiveness to anti-PD-1 treatment. Moreover, increased T-cell exhaustion was observed in male GBM patients. Bone marrow chimera and adoptive transfer models indicated that T cell-mediated tumor control was predominantly regulated in a cell-intrinsic manner, partially mediated by the X chromosome inactivation escape gene Kdm6a. These findings demonstrate that sex-biased predetermined behavior of T cells is critical for inducing sex differences in GBM progression and immunotherapy response.
Pubmed ID: 37378557 RIS Download
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Privately held company that develops and produces antibodies, ELISA kits, ChIP kits, proteomic kits, and other related reagents used to study cell signaling pathways that impact human health.
View all literature mentionsDatabase of human and mouse primer pairs for gene expression analysis by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and quantitative PCR (qPCR). A total of 306,800 primers covering most known human and mouse genes can be accessed from the PrimerBank database, together with information on these primers such as T(m), location on the transcript and amplicon size. For each gene, at least one primer pair has been designed and in many cases alternative primer pairs exist. Primers have been designed to work under the same PCR conditions, thus facilitating high-throughput QPCR. All primers in PrimerBank were carefully designed to ensure gene specificity. All experimental validation data for mouse primers are available from PrimerBank. You can submit your primers. They will be added to the database once they are properly QCd.
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