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Metagenomic surveillance and comparative genomic analysis of Chlamydia psittaci in patients with pneumonia.

Frontiers in microbiology | 2023

Chlamydia psittaci, a strictly intracellular bacterium, is an underestimated etiologic agent leading to infections in a broad range of animals and mild illness or pneumonia in humans. In this study, the metagenomes of bronchoalveolar lavage fluids from the patients with pneumonia were sequenced and highly abundant C. psittaci was found. The target-enriched metagenomic reads were recruited to reconstruct draft genomes with more than 99% completeness. Two C. psittaci strains from novel sequence types were detected and these were closely related to the animal-borne isolates derived from the lineages of ST43 and ST28, indicating the zoonotic transmissions of C. psittaci would benefit its prevalence worldwide. Comparative genomic analysis combined with public isolate genomes revealed that the pan-genome of C. psittaci possessed a more stable gene repertoire than those of other extracellular bacteria, with ~90% of the genes per genome being conserved core genes. Furthermore, the evidence for significantly positive selection was identified in 20 virulence-associated gene products, particularly bacterial membrane-embedded proteins and type three secretion machines, which may play important roles in the pathogen-host interactions. This survey uncovered novel strains of C. psittaci causing pneumonia and the evolutionary analysis characterized prominent gene candidates involved in bacterial adaptation to immune pressures. The metagenomic approach is of significance to the surveillance of difficult-to-culture intracellular pathogens and the research into molecular epidemiology and evolutionary biology of C. psittaci.

Pubmed ID: 37323913 RIS Download

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This is a list of tools and resources that we have found mentioned in this publication.


QUAST (tool)

RRID:SCR_001228

Quality assessment software tool for evaluating and comparing genome assemblies. It works both with and without a given reference genome. It produces many reports, summary tables and plots.

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RRID:SCR_005476

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RRID:SCR_005484

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NCBI (tool)

RRID:SCR_006472

A portal to biomedical and genomic information. NCBI creates public databases, conducts research in computational biology, develops software tools for analyzing genome data, and disseminates biomedical information for the better understanding of molecular processes affecting human health and disease.

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BRIG (tool)

RRID:SCR_007802

A cross-platform (Windows/Mac/Unix) application that can display circular comparisons between a large number of genomes, with a focus on handling genome assembly data.

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RRID:SCR_011811

Software package as multiple alignment program for amino acid or nucleotide sequences. Can align up to 500 sequences or maximum file size of 1 MB. First version of MAFFT used algorithm based on progressive alignment, in which sequences were clustered with help of Fast Fourier Transform. Subsequent versions have added other algorithms and modes of operation, including options for faster alignment of large numbers of sequences, higher accuracy alignments, alignment of non-coding RNA sequences, and addition of new sequences to existing alignments.

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RRID:SCR_012917

Database providing information on structure of assembled genomes, assembly names and other meta-data, statistical reports, and links to genomic sequence data. The Archive links the raw sequence information found in the Trace Archive with assembly information found in publicly available sequence repositories (GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ).

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RRID:SCR_012955

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RRID:SCR_014732

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PAML (tool)

RRID:SCR_014932

Package of programs for phylogenetic analyses of DNA or protein sequences using maximum likelihood. PAML estimates parameters and tests hypotheses to study the evolutionary process from a phylogenetic tree.

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RRID:SCR_016965

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Roary (tool)

RRID:SCR_018172

Software tool for rapid large scale prokaryote pan genome analysis. Builds large scale pan genomes, identifying core and accessory genes. Makes construction of pan genome of thousands of prokaryote samples on standard desktop without compromising on accuracy of results. Not intended for meta genomics or for comparing extremely diverse sets of genomes.

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