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The pathogenesis and clinical heterogeneity of Parkinson's disease (PD) have been evaluated from molecular, pathophysiological, and clinical perspectives. High-throughput proteomic analysis of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) opened new opportunities for scrutinizing this heterogeneity. To date, this is the most comprehensive CSF-based proteomics profiling study in PD with 569 patients (350 idiopathic patients, 65 GBA + mutation carriers and 154 LRRK2 + mutation carriers), 534 controls, and 4135 proteins analyzed. Combining CSF aptamer-based proteomics with genetics we determined protein quantitative trait loci (pQTLs). Analyses of pQTLs together with summary statistics from the largest PD genome wide association study (GWAS) identified 68 potential causal proteins by Mendelian randomization. The top causal protein, GPNMB, was previously reported to be upregulated in the substantia nigra of PD patients. We also compared the CSF proteomes of patients and controls. Proteome differences between GBA + patients and unaffected GBA + controls suggest degeneration of dopaminergic neurons, altered dopamine metabolism and increased brain inflammation. In the LRRK2 + subcohort we found dysregulated lysosomal degradation, altered alpha-synuclein processing, and neurotransmission. Proteome differences between idiopathic patients and controls suggest increased neuroinflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction/oxidative stress, altered iron metabolism and potential neuroprotection mediated by vasoactive substances. Finally, we used proteomic data to stratify idiopathic patients into "endotypes". The identified endotypes show differences in cognitive and motor disease progression based on previously reported protein-based risk scores.Our findings not only contribute to the identification of new therapeutic targets but also to shape personalized medicine in CNS neurodegeneration.
Pubmed ID: 36774388 RIS Download
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View all literature mentionsAn observational longitudinal clinical study partnership to identify and validate biomarkers of Parkinson disease (PD) progression and provide easy and open web-based access to the comprehensive set of correlated clinical data and biospecimens, information, and biosamples acquired from PD and age and gender matched healthy control subjects to the research community. The data and specimens have been collected in a standardized manner under strict protocols and includes clinical (demographic, motor and non-motor, cognitive and neurobehavioral), imaging (raw and processed MRI, SPECT and DAT), and blood chemistry and hematology subject assessments and biospecimen inventories (serum, plasma, whole blood, CSF, DNA, RNA and urine). All data are de-identified to protect patient privacy. PPMI will be carried out over five years at 21 clinical sites in the United States and Europe and requires the participation of 400 Parkinson's patients and 200 control participants. The PPMI database provides researchers with access to correlated clinical and imaging data, along with annotated biospecimens, all available within an open access system that encourages data sharing (http://www.ppmi-info.org/access-data-specimens/). The website hosts an Ongoing Analysis section to keep the scientific community apprised of analyses being completed, in hopes of stimulating collaborations between researchers who are using PPMI data and specimens.
View all literature mentionsSoftware repository for R packages related to analysis and comprehension of high throughput genomic data. Uses separate set of commands for installation of packages. Software project based on R programming language that provides tools for analysis and comprehension of high throughput genomic data.
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