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Multiomics in primary and metastatic breast tumors from the AURORA US network finds microenvironment and epigenetic drivers of metastasis.

Susana Garcia-Recio | Toshinori Hinoue | Gregory L Wheeler | Benjamin J Kelly | Ana C Garrido-Castro | Tomas Pascual | Aguirre A De Cubas | Youli Xia | Brooke M Felsheim | Marni B McClure | Andrei Rajkovic | Ezgi Karaesmen | Markia A Smith | Cheng Fan | Paula I Gonzalez Ericsson | Melinda E Sanders | Chad J Creighton | Jay Bowen | Kristen Leraas | Robyn T Burns | Sara Coppens | Amy Wheless | Salma Rezk | Amy L Garrett | Joel S Parker | Kelly K Foy | Hui Shen | Ben H Park | Ian Krop | Carey Anders | Julie Gastier-Foster | Mothaffar F Rimawi | Rita Nanda | Nancy U Lin | Claudine Isaacs | P Kelly Marcom | Anna Maria Storniolo | Fergus J Couch | Uma Chandran | Michael Davis | Jonathan Silverstein | Alexander Ropelewski | Minetta C Liu | Susan G Hilsenbeck | Larry Norton | Andrea L Richardson | W Fraser Symmans | Antonio C Wolff | Nancy E Davidson | Lisa A Carey | Adrian V Lee | Justin M Balko | Katherine A Hoadley | Peter W Laird | Elaine R Mardis | Tari A King | AURORA US Network | Charles M Perou
Nature cancer | 2023

The AURORA US Metastasis Project was established with the goal to identify molecular features associated with metastasis. We assayed 55 females with metastatic breast cancer (51 primary cancers and 102 metastases) by RNA sequencing, tumor/germline DNA exome and low-pass whole-genome sequencing and global DNA methylation microarrays. Expression subtype changes were observed in ~30% of samples and were coincident with DNA clonality shifts, especially involving HER2. Downregulation of estrogen receptor (ER)-mediated cell-cell adhesion genes through DNA methylation mechanisms was observed in metastases. Microenvironment differences varied according to tumor subtype; the ER+/luminal subtype had lower fibroblast and endothelial content, while triple-negative breast cancer/basal metastases showed a decrease in B and T cells. In 17% of metastases, DNA hypermethylation and/or focal deletions were identified near HLA-A and were associated with reduced expression and lower immune cell infiltrates, especially in brain and liver metastases. These findings could have implications for treating individuals with metastatic breast cancer with immune- and HER2-targeting therapies.

Pubmed ID: 36585450 RIS Download

Associated grants

  • Agency: NCATS NIH HHS, United States
    Id: UL1 TR002489
  • Agency: NCI NIH HHS, United States
    Id: P50 CA098131
  • Agency: NCI NIH HHS, United States
    Id: P50 CA058223
  • Agency: NCI NIH HHS, United States
    Id: P30 CA008748
  • Agency: NCI NIH HHS, United States
    Id: P30 CA016086

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This is a list of tools and resources that we have found mentioned in this publication.


ffpe (tool)

RRID:SCR_001307

Software to identify low-quality data using metrics developed for expression data derived from Formalin-Fixed, Paraffin-Embedded (FFPE) data. Also a function for making Concordance at the Top plots (CAT-plots).

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GATK (tool)

RRID:SCR_001876

A software package to analyze next-generation resequencing data. The toolkit offers a wide variety of tools, with a primary focus on variant discovery and genotyping as well as strong emphasis on data quality assurance. Its robust architecture, powerful processing engine and high-performance computing features make it capable of taking on projects of any size. This software library makes writing efficient analysis tools using next-generation sequencing data very easy, and second it's a suite of tools for working with human medical resequencing projects such as 1000 Genomes and The Cancer Genome Atlas. These tools include things like a depth of coverage analyzers, a quality score recalibrator, a SNP/indel caller and a local realigner. (entry from Genetic Analysis Software)

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SAMTOOLS (tool)

RRID:SCR_002105

Original SAMTOOLS package has been split into three separate repositories including Samtools, BCFtools and HTSlib. Samtools for manipulating next generation sequencing data used for reading, writing, editing, indexing,viewing nucleotide alignments in SAM,BAM,CRAM format. BCFtools used for reading, writing BCF2,VCF, gVCF files and calling, filtering, summarising SNP and short indel sequence variants. HTSlib used for reading, writing high throughput sequencing data.

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OpenSesame (tool)

RRID:SCR_002849

Software for the rapid development of psychological and neuroscientific experiments.

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CRAN (tool)

RRID:SCR_003005

Network of ftp and web servers around world that store identical, up to date, versions of code and documentation for R. Package archive network for R programming language.

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The Cancer Genome Atlas (tool)

RRID:SCR_003193

Project exploring the spectrum of genomic changes involved in more than 20 types of human cancer that provides a platform for researchers to search, download, and analyze data sets generated. As a pilot project it confirmed that an atlas of changes could be created for specific cancer types. It also showed that a national network of research and technology teams working on distinct but related projects could pool the results of their efforts, create an economy of scale and develop an infrastructure for making the data publicly accessible. Its success committed resources to collect and characterize more than 20 additional tumor types. Components of the TCGA Research Network: * Biospecimen Core Resource (BCR); Tissue samples are carefully cataloged, processed, checked for quality and stored, complete with important medical information about the patient. * Genome Characterization Centers (GCCs); Several technologies will be used to analyze genomic changes involved in cancer. The genomic changes that are identified will be further studied by the Genome Sequencing Centers. * Genome Sequencing Centers (GSCs); High-throughput Genome Sequencing Centers will identify the changes in DNA sequences that are associated with specific types of cancer. * Proteome Characterization Centers (PCCs); The centers, a component of NCI's Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium, will ascertain and analyze the total proteomic content of a subset of TCGA samples. * Data Coordinating Center (DCC); The information that is generated by TCGA will be centrally managed at the DCC and entered into the TCGA Data Portal and Cancer Genomics Hub as it becomes available. Centralization of data facilitates data transfer between the network and the research community, and makes data analysis more efficient. The DCC manages the TCGA Data Portal. * Cancer Genomics Hub (CGHub); Lower level sequence data will be deposited into a secure repository. This database stores cancer genome sequences and alignments. * Genome Data Analysis Centers (GDACs) - Immense amounts of data from array and second-generation sequencing technologies must be integrated across thousands of samples. These centers will provide novel informatics tools to the entire research community to facilitate broader use of TCGA data. TCGA is actively developing a network of collaborators who are able to provide samples that are collected retrospectively (tissues that had already been collected and stored) or prospectively (tissues that will be collected in the future).

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STAR (tool)

RRID:SCR_004463

Software performing alignment of high-throughput RNA-seq data. Aligns RNA-seq reads to reference genome using uncompressed suffix arrays.

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SnpEff (tool)

RRID:SCR_005191

Genetic variant annotation and effect prediction software toolbox that annotates and predicts effects of variants on genes (such as amino acid changes). By using standards, such as VCF, SnpEff makes it easy to integrate with other programs.

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Picard (tool)

RRID:SCR_006525

Java toolset for working with next generation sequencing data in the BAM format.

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ENCODE (tool)

RRID:SCR_006793

Encyclopedia of DNA elements consisting of list of functional elements in human genome, including elements that act at protein and RNA levels, and regulatory elements that control cells and circumstances in which gene is active. Enables scientific and medical communities to interpret role of human genome in biology and disease. Provides identification of common cell types to facilitate integrative analysis and new experimental technologies based on high-throughput sequencing. Genome Browser containing ENCODE and Epigenomics Roadmap data. Data are available for entire human genome.

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LIMMA (tool)

RRID:SCR_010943

Software package for the analysis of gene expression microarray data, especially the use of linear models for analyzing designed experiments and the assessment of differential expression.

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New England Biolabs (tool)

RRID:SCR_013517

An Antibody supplier

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GENCODE (tool)

RRID:SCR_014966

Human and mouse genome annotation project which aims to identify all gene features in the human genome using computational analysis, manual annotation, and experimental validation.

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Microsoft Excel (tool)

RRID:SCR_016137

Software application with data analysis tools and spreadsheet templates to track and visualize data. It is used to manage and process data.

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ComplexHeatmap (tool)

RRID:SCR_017270

Software package to arrange multiple heatmaps and support various annotation graphics. Used to visualize associations between different sources of data sets and to reveal potential patterns.

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QuPath (tool)

RRID:SCR_018257

Open Source software package for digital pathology image analysis. Used for whole slide image analysis and digital pathology. Provides researchers with batch processing and scripting functionality, and extensible platform with which to develop and share new algorithms to analyze complex tissue images.

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