Visual (and probably also magnetic) signal processing starts at the first synapse, at which photoreceptors contact different types of bipolar cells, thereby feeding information into different processing channels. In the chicken retina, 15 and 22 different bipolar cell types have been identified based on serial electron microscopy and single-cell transcriptomics, respectively. However, immunohistochemical markers for avian bipolar cells were only anecdotally described so far. Here, we systematically tested 12 antibodies for their ability to label individual bipolar cells in the bird retina and compared the eight most suitable antibodies across distantly related species, namely domestic chicken, domestic pigeon, common buzzard, and European robin, and across retinal regions. While two markers (GNB3 and EGFR) labeled specifically ON bipolar cells, most markers labeled in addition to bipolar cells also other cell types in the avian retina. Staining pattern of four markers (CD15, PKCα, PKCβ, secretagogin) was species-specific. Two markers (calbindin and secretagogin) showed a different expression pattern in central and peripheral retina. For the chicken and European robin, we found slightly more ON bipolar cell somata in the inner nuclear layer than OFF bipolar cell somata. In contrast, OFF bipolar cells made more ribbon synapses than ON bipolar cells in the inner plexiform layer of these species. Finally, we also analyzed the photoreceptor connectivity of selected bipolar cell types in the European robin retina. In summary, we provide a catalog of bipolar cell markers for different bird species, which will greatly facilitate analyzing the retinal circuitry of birds on a larger scale.
Pubmed ID: 36550622 RIS Download
Publication data is provided by the National Library of Medicine ® and PubMed ®. Data is retrieved from PubMed ® on a weekly schedule. For terms and conditions see the National Library of Medicine Terms and Conditions.
This polyclonal targets Human Secretagogin
View all literature mentionsThis polyclonal targets Rcvrn
View all literature mentionsThis monoclonal targets PRKCB
View all literature mentionsThis monoclonal targets PRKCA, PRKCG, PRKCB
View all literature mentionsThis monoclonal targets PKARII beta
View all literature mentionsThis monoclonal targets Pax6
View all literature mentionsThis monoclonal targets Islet-1 homeobox
View all literature mentionsThis polyclonal targets Human Islet-1
View all literature mentionsThis unknown targets HCN4 Channel
View all literature mentionsThis monoclonal targets HCN1
View all literature mentionsThis unknown targets GFP Antibody
View all literature mentionsThis monoclonal targets CD15
View all literature mentionsThis polyclonal targets Calsenilin (CSEN)
View all literature mentionsThis polyclonal targets Calbindin D28k
View all literature mentions