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Genome screening, reporting, and genetic counseling for healthy populations.

Human genetics | 2023

Rapid advancements of genome sequencing (GS) technologies have enhanced our understanding of the relationship between genes and human disease. To incorporate genomic information into the practice of medicine, new processes for the analysis, reporting, and communication of GS data are needed. Blood samples were collected from adults with a PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) diagnosis (target Nā€‰=ā€‰1500). GS was performed. Data were filtered and analyzed using custom pipelines and gene panels. We developed unique patient-facing materials, including an online intake survey, group counseling presentation, and consultation letters in addition to a comprehensive GS report. The final report includes results generated from GS data: (1) monogenic disease risks; (2) carrier status; (3) pharmacogenomic variants; (4) polygenic risk scores for common conditions; (5) HLA genotype; (6) genetic ancestry; (7) blood group; and, (8) COVID-19 viral lineage. Participants complete pre-test genetic counseling and confirm preferences for secondary findings before receiving results. Counseling and referrals are initiated for clinically significant findings. We developed a genetic counseling, reporting, and return of results framework that integrates GS information across multiple areas of human health, presenting possibilities for the clinical application of comprehensive GS data in healthy individuals.

Pubmed ID: 36331656 RIS Download

Research resources used in this publication

None found

Antibodies used in this publication

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Associated grants

  • Agency: CIHR, Canada
    Id: VR4-172753
  • Agency: Canadian Institutes of Health Research, Canada
    Id: VR4-172753

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This is a list of tools and resources that we have found mentioned in this publication.


ADMIXTURE (tool)

RRID:SCR_001263

A software tool for maximum likelihood estimation of individual ancestries from multilocus SNP genotype datasets. It uses the same statistical model as STRUCTURE but calculates estimates much more rapidly using a fast numerical optimization algorithm. It uses a block relaxation approach to alternately update allele frequency and ancestry fraction parameters. Each block update is handled by solving a large number of independent convex optimization problems, which are tackled using a fast sequential quadratic programming algorithm. Convergence of the algorithm is accelerated using a novel quasi-Newton acceleration method.

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PLINK (tool)

RRID:SCR_001757

Open source whole genome association analysis toolset, designed to perform range of basic, large scale analyses in computationally efficient manner. Used for analysis of genotype/phenotype data. Through integration with gPLINK and Haploview, there is some support for subsequent visualization, annotation and storage of results. PLINK 1.9 is improved and second generation of the software.

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GATK (tool)

RRID:SCR_001876

A software package to analyze next-generation resequencing data. The toolkit offers a wide variety of tools, with a primary focus on variant discovery and genotyping as well as strong emphasis on data quality assurance. Its robust architecture, powerful processing engine and high-performance computing features make it capable of taking on projects of any size. This software library makes writing efficient analysis tools using next-generation sequencing data very easy, and second it's a suite of tools for working with human medical resequencing projects such as 1000 Genomes and The Cancer Genome Atlas. These tools include things like a depth of coverage analyzers, a quality score recalibrator, a SNP/indel caller and a local realigner. (entry from Genetic Analysis Software)

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PharmGKB (tool)

RRID:SCR_002689

Database and central repository for genetic, genomic, molecular and cellular phenotype data and clinical information about people who have participated in pharmacogenomics research studies. The data includes, but is not limited to, clinical and basic pharmacokinetic and pharmacogenomic research in the cardiovascular, pulmonary, cancer, pathways, metabolic and transporter domains. PharmGKB welcomes submissions of primary data from all research into genes and genetic variation and their effects on drug and disease phenotypes. PharmGKB collects, encodes, and disseminates knowledge about the impact of human genetic variations on drug response. They curate primary genotype and phenotype data, annotate gene variants and gene-drug-disease relationships via literature review, and summarize important PGx genes and drug pathways. PharmGKB is part of the NIH Pharmacogenomics Research Network (PGRN), a nationwide collaborative research consortium. Its aim is to aid researchers in understanding how genetic variation among individuals contributes to differences in reactions to drugs. A selected subset of data from PharmGKB is accessible via a SOAP interface. Downloaded data is available for individual research purposes only. Drugs with pharmacogenomic information in the context of FDA-approved drug labels are cataloged and drugs with mounting pharmacogenomic evidence are listed.

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PubMed (tool)

RRID:SCR_004846

Public bibliographic database that provides access to citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites. PubMed citations and abstracts include fields of biomedicine and health, covering portions of life sciences, behavioral sciences, chemical sciences, and bioengineering. Provides access to additional relevant web sites and links to other NCBI molecular biology resources. Publishers of journals can submit their citations to NCBI and then provide access to full-text of articles at journal web sites using LinkOut.

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ClinVar (tool)

RRID:SCR_006169

Archive of aggregated information about sequence variation and its relationship to human health. Provides reports of relationships among human variations and phenotypes along with supporting evidence. Submissions from clinical testing labs, research labs, locus-specific databases, expert panels and professional societies are welcome. Collects reports of variants found in patient samples, assertions made regarding their clinical significance, information about submitter, and other supporting data. Alleles described in submissions are mapped to reference sequences, and reported according to HGVS standard.

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OMIM (tool)

RRID:SCR_006437

Online catalog of human genes and genetic disorders, for clinical features, phenotypes and genes. Collection of human genes and genetic phenotypes, focusing on relationship between phenotype and genotype. Referenced overviews in OMIM contain information on all known mendelian disorders and variety of related genes. It is updated daily, and entries contain copious links to other genetics resources.

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GeneReviews (tool)

RRID:SCR_006560

Provides clinically relevant and medically actionable information for inherited conditions in standardized journal-style format, covering diagnosis, management, and genetic counseling for patients and their families. Searchable book of expert-authored, peer-reviewed disease descriptions presented in standardized format and focused on clinically relevant and medically actionable information on diagnosis, management, and genetic counseling of patients and families with specific inherited conditions.

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ClinGen (tool)

RRID:SCR_014968

Genomics knowledgebase for clinical relevance of genes and variants for use in research. ClinGen's primary function is to store and share information for the benefit of the scientific community. Laboratory scientists, clinicians, and patients can share and access data.

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