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Biological heterogeneity in idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension identified through unsupervised transcriptomic profiling of whole blood.

Nature communications | 2021

Idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) is a rare but fatal disease diagnosed by right heart catheterisation and the exclusion of other forms of pulmonary arterial hypertension, producing a heterogeneous population with varied treatment response. Here we show unsupervised machine learning identification of three major patient subgroups that account for 92% of the cohort, each with unique whole blood transcriptomic and clinical feature signatures. These subgroups are associated with poor, moderate, and good prognosis. The poor prognosis subgroup is associated with upregulation of the ALAS2 and downregulation of several immunoglobulin genes, while the good prognosis subgroup is defined by upregulation of the bone morphogenetic protein signalling regulator NOG, and the C/C variant of HLA-DPA1/DPB1 (independently associated with survival). These findings independently validated provide evidence for the existence of 3 major subgroups (endophenotypes) within the IPAH classification, could improve risk stratification and provide molecular insights into the pathogenesis of IPAH.

Pubmed ID: 34876579 RIS Download

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Associated grants

  • Agency: Wellcome Trust, United Kingdom
    Id: 205188/Z/16/Z
  • Agency: Medical Research Council, United Kingdom
    Id: MR/M008894/1
  • Agency: British Heart Foundation, United Kingdom
    Id: FS/18/52/33808
  • Agency: Department of Health, United Kingdom
  • Agency: British Heart Foundation, United Kingdom
    Id: SP/12/12/29836
  • Agency: British Heart Foundation, United Kingdom
    Id: CH/09/001/25945
  • Agency: British Heart Foundation, United Kingdom
    Id: SP/14/6/31350
  • Agency: British Heart Foundation, United Kingdom
    Id: PG/11/116/29288
  • Agency: British Heart Foundation, United Kingdom
    Id: RE/18/4/34215
  • Agency: British Heart Foundation, United Kingdom
    Id: FS/18/13/33281
  • Agency: NHLBI NIH HHS, United States
    Id: R01 HL136603
  • Agency: Medical Research Council, United Kingdom
    Id: MR/K020919/1
  • Agency: British Heart Foundation, United Kingdom
    Id: FS/15/59/31839
  • Agency: British Heart Foundation, United Kingdom
    Id: SP/18/10/33975

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This is a list of tools and resources that we have found mentioned in this publication.


Salmon (tool)

RRID:SCR_017036

Software tool for quantifying expression of transcripts using RNA-seq data. Provides fast and bias-aware quantification of transcript expression. Transcriptome-wide quantifier to correct for fragment GC-content bias.

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