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Hepatitis A virus (HAV), the causative pathogen of hepatitis A, induces severe acute liver injuries in humans and is a serious public health concern worldwide. However, appropriate therapeutics have not yet been developed. The enzyme heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) exerts antiviral activities in cells infected with several viruses including hepatitis B and C viruses. In this study, we demonstrated for the first time the suppression of virus replication by HO-1 in cells infected with HAV. Hemin (HO-1 inducer) induced HO-1 mRNA and protein expression, as expected, and below 50 mM, dose-dependently reduced the viral RNA and proteins in the HAV-infected cells without cytotoxicity. Additionally, HO-1 protein overexpression using a protein expression vector suppressed HAV replication. Although ZnPP-9, an HO-1 inhibitor, did not affect HAV replication, it significantly inhibited hemin-induced antiviral activity in HAV-infected cells. Additionally, FeCl3, CORM-3, biliverdin, and the HO-1 inducers andrographolide and CoPP inhibited HAV replication in the HAV-infected cells; andrographolide and CoPP exhibited a dose-dependent effect. In conclusion, these results suggest that HO-1 effectively suppresses HAV infection in vitro, and its enzymatic products appear to exert antiviral activity. We expect that these results could contribute to the development of a new antiviral drug for HAV.
Pubmed ID: 34452191 RIS Download
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NIH genetic sequence database that provides annotated collection of all publicly available DNA sequences for almost 280 000 formally described species (Jan 2014) .These sequences are obtained primarily through submissions from individual laboratories and batch submissions from large-scale sequencing projects, including whole-genome shotgun (WGS) and environmental sampling projects. Most submissions are made using web-based BankIt or standalone Sequin programs, and GenBank staff assigns accession numbers upon data receipt. It is part of International Nucleotide Sequence Database Collaboration and daily data exchange with European Nucleotide Archive (ENA) and DNA Data Bank of Japan (DDBJ) ensures worldwide coverage. GenBank is accessible through NCBI Entrez retrieval system, which integrates data from major DNA and protein sequence databases along with taxonomy, genome, mapping, protein structure and domain information, and biomedical journal literature via PubMed. BLAST provides sequence similarity searches of GenBank and other sequence databases. Complete bimonthly releases and daily updates of GenBank database are available by FTP.
View all literature mentionsTHIS RESOURCE IS NO LONGER IN SERVICE. Documented on May 5,2022.Tool that predicts interactions between transcription factors and their regulated genes from binding motifs. Understanding vertebrate development requires unraveling the cis-regulatory architecture of gene regulation. PRISM provides accurate genome-wide computational predictions of transcription factor binding sites for the human and mouse genomes, and integrates the predictions with GREAT to provide functional biological context. Together, accurate computational binding site prediction and GREAT produce for each transcription factor: 1. putative binding sites, 2. putative target genes, 3. putative biological roles of the transcription factor, and 4. putative cis-regulatory elements through which the factor regulates each target in each functional role.
View all literature mentionsA commercial organization which provides assay technologies to isolate DNA, RNA, and proteins from any biological sample. Assay technologies are then used to make specific target biomolecules, such as the DNA of a specific virus, visible for subsequent analysis.
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