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Antimicrobial resistance is one of the biggest health and subsequent economic threat humanity faces. Next to massive global awareness campaigns, governments and NGOs alike stress the need for new innovative strategies to treat microbial infections. One of such innovative strategies is the photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy (PACT) in which the synergistic effects of photons and drugs are exploited. While many promising reports are available, PACT - and especially the drug-design part behind - is still in its infancy. Common best-practice rules, such as the EUCAST or CLSI protocols for classic antibiotics as well as high-throughput screenings, are missing, and this, in turn, hampers the identification of hit structures. Hit-like structures might come from synthetic approaches or from natural sources. They are identified via activity-guided synthesis or isolation strategies. As source for new antimicrobials, fungi are highly ranked. They share the same ecological niche with many other microbes and consequently established chemical strategies to combat with the others. Recently, in members of the Cortinariaceae, especially of the subgenus Dermocybe, photoactive metabolites were detected. To study their putative photoantimicrobial effect, a photoantimicrobial high-throughput screening (HTS) based on The European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) was established. After validation, the established HTS was used to evaluate a sample set containing six colorful representatives from the genus Cortinarius (i.e., Cortinarius callisteus, C. rufo-olivaceus, C. traganus, C. trivialis, C. venetus, and C. xanthophyllus). The assay is built on a uniform, light-emitting diode (LED)-based light irradiation across a 96-well microtiter plate, which was achieved by a pioneering arrangement of the LEDs. The validation of the assay was accomplished with well-known photoactive drugs, so-called photosensitizers, utilizing six distinct emission wavelengths (λexc = 428, 478, 523, 598, or 640 nm) and three microbial strains (Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli). Evaluating the extracts of six Cortinarius species revealed two highly promising species, i.e., C. rufo-olivaceus and C. xanthophyllus. Extracts from the latter were photoactive against the Gram-positive S. aureus (c = 7.5 μg/ml, H = 30 J/cm2, λ = 478 nm) and the fungus C. albicans (c = 75 μg/ml, H = 30 J/cm2, λ = 478 nm).
Pubmed ID: 34421861 RIS Download
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The DSMZ - Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH (German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures) is the most comprehensive biological resource center in Europe. With more than 18.000 microorganisms, 1.200 plant viruses, 600 human and animal cell lines, 770 plant cell cultures and more than 7.100 cultures deposited for the purposes of patenting, DSMZ has demonstrated their obligation to serve science for decades. Main functions of DSMZ are: - to collect, maintain and store microorganisms and cell lines, as well as other biological material of relevance for applied biology, biotechnology, microbiology, teaching and other areas of research and general application; - to keep the scientific and industrial community informed on the contents of the collections by the means of catalogs, special lists, databases or electronic media; - to supply scientists and institutions with DSMZ cultures, in accordance with national and international laws such as the Infektionsschutzgesetz (Act dealing with protection against infection), the Genetic Engineering Act, the Foreign Trade Laws, the Convention on Biological Diversity as well as the DSMZ terms of supply; - to function as an internationally recognized collection center for the deposit of microorganisms, cell lines, and other biological material which have been cited in scientific literature or which are used in national or international test procedures (e.g. type strains, reference strains for national and international quality control regulations or susceptibility tests, strains with special properties, such as the production of enzymes, degradation of pollutants, host strains for plasmids, etc.); - to act as an International Depositary Authority (IDA) for the deposit of biological material for patent purposes according to the Budapest Treaty; - to act, in a confidential manner, as a center for the safe deposit of biological material; - to act as an advisory center for the scientific community and to offer teaching and service facilities. The DSMZ collections contain over 26 000 cultures (including 6500 patent deposits) representing more than 16 000 cultures of microorganisms (Archaea, Bacteria, plasmids, phages, yeasts, fungi), 750 plant cell cultures, 600 plant viruses, 700 antisera and 580 human and animal cell lines. Unique subcollections are held in the prokaryotes groups of acidophiles, alkaliphiles, halophiles, methanogens, phototrophs, thermophiles, and sulfate reducers. The research is focused on collection related fields which include: - Taxonomy - Evolution - Phylogeny - Microbial diversity and molecular assessment of diversity - Molecular systematics - Research on pathobiological aspects of leukemia-lymphoma cell lines applying classical and molecular genetics, immunological and cell biological methods * Development of cultivation and preservation methods for biological material * Characterization and identification of biological material
View all literature mentionsStarlab''s mission is to transform science into technologies with a profound and positive impact on society. We achieve this by identifying social needs and the market opportunities they create. Then we reach to science and engineering to propose or provide technical solutions, products and services for governments, industry and downstream markets. Starlab Research carries out interdisciplinary R&D focusing on two areas: Space and Applied Neuroscience. Our vision is to make science more useful, alive, vibrant, faster. Our staff consists of a team of scientists, engineers and economists from different nationalities working together to provide our clients with breakthrough technologies that create business opportunities. The growing Starlab team (now more than 28 on staff) includes 5 nationalities spanning knowledge in physics, engineering, oceanography, computer science, neuroscience and economics. Circa 50% of our staff have a PhD, and more than 80% a Master or PhD. We target technology and applications: the development of new sensors and efficient algorithms to extract information from data, identification of platforms and deployment opportunities, as well as the development of services and products. Interdisciplinarity is a key aspect of our research. Space R&D develops payloads, algorithms and mission feasibility studies. We have demonstrated experience in GNSS technologies, radar altimetry and space astronomy. Earth Observation applications include technologies such as GNSS-R, SAR and multi-spectral analysis for environmental and energy applications. We have demonstrated expertise in the development of innovative sensors and systems in both the Space and Applied Neuroscience areas, signal-processing algorithms, with a strong specialization in electrophysiology algorithms, software and hardware. It will also manage the project and prospect potential commercial impact.
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