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Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is the most frequent bacterial cause of diarrhea particularly reported in children of developing countries and also travelers. Enterotoxins and colonization factor antigens (CFAs) are two major virulence factors in ETEC pathogenesis. Colonization factor antigen I (CFA/I) includes major pilin subunit CfaB, and a minor adhesive subunit (CfaE), and enterotoxins consisting of heat-labile toxin subunit B (LTB) and heat-stable toxin (ST). Chimeric proteins (CCL) carrying epitopes and adjuvant sequences increase the possibility of eliciting a broad cellular or effective immune response. In the present study, a chimeric candidate vaccine containing CfaB*ST, CfaE, and LTB (CCL) was designed via in silico techniques. This chimeric gene was synthesized by using codon usage of E. coli for increasing the expression of the recombinant protein. After designing the chimeric construct, it showed a high antigenicity index estimated by the vaxiJen server. Linear and conformational B-cell epitopes were identified and indicated suitable immunogenicity of this multimeric recombinant protein. Thermodynamic analyses for mRNA structures revealed the appropriate folding of the RNA representative good stability of this molecule. In silico scanning was done to predict the 3D structure of the protein, and modeling was validated using the Ramachandran plot analysis. The chimeric protein (rCCL) was expressed in a prokaryotic expression system (E. coli), purified, and analyzed for their immunogenic properties. It was revealed that the production of a high titer of antibody produced in immunized mice could neutralize the ETEC using the rabbit ileal loop tests. The results indicated that the protein inferred from the recombinant protein (rCCL) construct could act as a proper vaccine candidate against three critical causative agents of diarrheal bacteria at the same time.
Pubmed ID: 34256098 RIS Download
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Software package for nucleic acid folding and hybridization prediction. It has capabilities to predict folding for single-stranded RNA or DNA through a combination of free energy minimization, partition function calculations and stochastic sampling. The program runs on Unix and Linux platforms as well as Mac OS X and Windows.
View all literature mentionsCollection of data of protein sequence and functional information. Resource for protein sequence and annotation data. Consortium for preservation of the UniProt databases: UniProt Knowledgebase (UniProtKB), UniProt Reference Clusters (UniRef), and UniProt Archive (UniParc), UniProt Proteomes. Collaboration between European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics and Protein Information Resource. Swiss-Prot is a curated subset of UniProtKB.
View all literature mentionsCommercial organization which provides life science services and products to researchers. They specialize in gene synthesis, peptide, protein, antibody and preclinical drug development service.
View all literature mentionsWeb server as integrated platform for automated protein structure and function prediction. Used for protein 3D structure prediction. Resource for automated protein structure prediction and structure-based function annotation.
View all literature mentionsWeb server for prediction of protective antigens, tumor antigens and subunit vaccines. Alignment free approach for antigen prediction, which is based on auto cross covariance transformation of protein sequences into uniform vectors of principal amino acid properties.
View all literature mentionsWeb server to predict discontinuous B cell epitopes from protein three dimensional structures.
View all literature mentionsWeb tool as sequence-based, alignment-free and pathogen-independent predictor of protein antigenicity.Predicts likelihood that protein is protective antigen. Integrated in SCRATCH suite of predictors.
View all literature mentionsWeb tool for prediction of surface accessibility, secondary structure, disorder, and phi/psi dihedral angles of amino acids in amino acid sequence. Used to predict solvent accessibility, secondary structure, structural disorder, and backbone dihedral angles for each residue of input sequences.
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