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Scavenger receptors (SRs) are a family of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) in the immune system. They are required for phagocytosis and act as co-receptors of Toll-like receptors to regulate immune signaling pathways in the fight against pathogens. Little is known about the function of SRs in insects. Here, we reported on a member of the SR family from the parasitic wasp Micropilits mediator (designated MmSR-B1) that is responsive to bacterial infection. The recombinant extracellular CD36 domain of MmSR-B1 produced in Escherichia coli cells is capable of binding to peptidoglycans and bacterial cells, causing agglutination of bacteria. Furthermore, we demonstrated that double-stranded RNA-mediated knockdown of MmSR-B1 impedes hemocyte phagocytosis and downregulates the expression of antimicrobial peptide (AMP) genes defensins and hymenoptaecins. Knockdown of MmSR-B1 led to increased death of the wasps when challenged by bacteria. Our study suggests that MmSR-B1 mediates phagocytosis and the production of AMPs in M. mediator wasps.
Pubmed ID: 33549640 RIS Download
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Service providing functional analysis of proteins by classifying them into families and predicting domains and important sites. They combine protein signatures from a number of member databases into a single searchable resource, capitalizing on their individual strengths to produce a powerful integrated database and diagnostic tool. This integrated database of predictive protein signatures is used for the classification and automatic annotation of proteins and genomes. InterPro classifies sequences at superfamily, family and subfamily levels, predicting the occurrence of functional domains, repeats and important sites. InterPro adds in-depth annotation, including GO terms, to the protein signatures. You can access the data programmatically, via Web Services. The member databases use a number of approaches: # ProDom: provider of sequence-clusters built from UniProtKB using PSI-BLAST. # PROSITE patterns: provider of simple regular expressions. # PROSITE and HAMAP profiles: provide sequence matrices. # PRINTS provider of fingerprints, which are groups of aligned, un-weighted Position Specific Sequence Matrices (PSSMs). # PANTHER, PIRSF, Pfam, SMART, TIGRFAMs, Gene3D and SUPERFAMILY: are providers of hidden Markov models (HMMs). Your contributions are welcome. You are encouraged to use the ''''Add your annotation'''' button on InterPro entry pages to suggest updated or improved annotation for individual InterPro entries.
View all literature mentionsWeb application for the prediction of transmembrane helices in proteins using Hidden Markov Models. FASTA formatted sequences can be uploaded via file or copy-paste, and output can be formatted as extensive with graphics, extensive without graphics, or one line per protein. Submissions are limited to 10,000 sequences and 4,000,000 amino acids - each sequence is limited to no more than 8,000 amino acids.
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