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Norwegian Soils and Waters Contain Mesophilic, Plastic-Degrading Bacteria.

Microorganisms | 2021

Plastic pollution has become one of the most critical environmental issues, as rapidly increasing production, compounded by persistence of plastic wastes in the environment, are outpacing efforts to keep ecosystems plastic-free. A switch to plastics more amenable to microbial attack is one of several possible responses. Against this background, the current study describes the isolation, enumeration and polyphasic characterization of plastic-degrading bacteria present in Norwegian terrestrial and aquatic habits. It shows that these bacteria are present in relatively high numbers, and that plastic-degrading capabilities are found in several taxa, most especially Streptomyces. Some isolates wereable to degrade several plastics. Notably, a Rhodococcus sp. and a Streptomyces sp. degraded, respectively, four and six of the eight plastics investigated and a number of other polymers relevant for plastic blends. The paper also has a methodological aspect, presenting various approaches for assaying plastic-degrading properties and a PCR/sequencing-based approach for the identification of potential polyethylene terephthalate-degrading genes. A candidate gene was detected in several Streptomyces isolates. The study shows that Norwegian environments are a rich source of bacteria with the ability to degrade bioplastics possibly representing a natural remediation capacity, as well as a potential source of useful enzymes.

Pubmed ID: 33401570 RIS Download

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Clustal Omega (tool)

RRID:SCR_001591

Software package as multiple sequence alignment tool that uses seeded guide trees and HMM profile-profile techniques to generate alignments between three or more sequences. Accepts nucleic acid or protein sequences in multiple sequence formats NBRF/PIR, EMBL/UniProt, Pearson (FASTA), GDE, ALN/Clustal, GCG/MSF, RSF.

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RRID:SCR_001672

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NBRC (tool)

RRID:SCR_002660

Collection of microbial resources and perform taxonomic characterization of individual microorganisms such as bacteria including actinomycetes and archaea, yeasts, fungi, algaes, bacteriophages and DNA resources for academic research and industrial applications. NBRC is a member of WFCC, OECD Global BRC Network, ACM and JSCC. They are certified by quality management system ISO 9001. To provide attractive biological resources with useful information attached, they actively collect potentially useful biological resources (microorganisms and cloned genes) and distributes them to promote basic research as well as industrial applications. At the Biological Resource Center, they explore, isolate and identify microorganisms from various natural environments and at the same time accept scientifically and industrially useful microorganisms from researchers in academic and industrial sectors. The microbial DNA library constructed at the Biotechnology Development Center is also part of their collection. To improve and expand the collection, new methodologies for the isolation, identification and preservation of microorganisms and DNA will be investigated and developed so as to provide biological resources of higher quality. Their resources serve, for example, as the standard for determining antimicrobial activity, in aseptic tests as well as for the production of pharmaceutical substances and will be constantly reinforced for wider distribution to researchers in academia and industries. Please refer to the catalog shown at the NBRC website for details.

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RRID:SCR_004426

Central repository for collection of functional information on proteins, with accurate and consistent annotation. In addition to capturing core data mandatory for each UniProtKB entry (mainly, the amino acid sequence, protein name or description, taxonomic data and citation information), as much annotation information as possible is added. This includes widely accepted biological ontologies, classifications and cross-references, and experimental and computational data. The UniProt Knowledgebase consists of two sections, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot and UniProtKB/TrEMBL. UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot (reviewed) is a high quality manually annotated and non-redundant protein sequence database which brings together experimental results, computed features, and scientific conclusions. UniProtKB/TrEMBL (unreviewed) contains protein sequences associated with computationally generated annotation and large-scale functional characterization that await full manual annotation. Users may browse by taxonomy, keyword, gene ontology, enzyme class or pathway.

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Promega (tool)

RRID:SCR_006724

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RRID:SCR_011812

Multiple sequence alignment method with reduced time and space complexity.Multiple sequence alignment with high accuracy and high throughput. Data analysis service for multiple sequence comparison by log- expectation.

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FASTA (tool)

RRID:SCR_011819

Software package for DNA and protein sequence alignment to find regions of local or global similarity between Protein or DNA sequences, either by searching Protein or DNA databases, or by identifying local duplications within a sequence.

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RRID:SCR_014629

Web phylogeny server based on the maximum-likelihood principle.

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Gblocks (tool)

RRID:SCR_015945

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TreeDyn (tool)

RRID:SCR_015946

Visualization software that links unique leaf labels to lists of variables/values pairs of annotations (meta-information), independently of the tree topologies, remaining fully compatible with the basic newick format. These relationships are used by dynamic graphics operators, information visualization methods like Projection, Localization, Labelization, Reflection allowing an interaction from annotations to trees, from trees to annotations and from trees to trees through annotations.

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